{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T10:27:30Z","timestamp":1769596050537,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51505475"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51505475"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Special Support","award":["2016T90522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016T90522"]}]},{"name":"UOW VC Fellowship","award":["EIS2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EIS2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Exhaust emissions from vessels have increasingly attracted attention in the continuously growing marine transport world trade market. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has introduced a number of measures designed to reduce exhaust emissions from global shipping. As one of the busiest ports in the world, Qingdao port has been studied to propose possible support to the development of efficient emission reduction. In this study, a large amount data of emissions inventory in Qingdao port was used to predict its annual exhaust emissions, and hence, to help understand maritime pollution in Qingdao port. Bigdata analysis methodology was employed to perform accurate predictions on vessel emissions. The analysis results show that the emissions were dominated by container ships, oil tankers, and bulk cargo ships. The comparison between Qingdao port and other ports in emission control areas demonstrates the necessity of control measures for exhaust emissions. The adoption of shore power and efficient cargo handling seems to be a potential solution to reduce exhaust emissions. The findings of this study are meaningful for maritime safety administration to understand the current emission situation in Qingdao port, propose corresponding control measures, and perform pollution prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym10100452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,2]],"date-time":"2018-10-02T08:23:50Z","timestamp":1538468630000},"page":"452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Estimation of Vessel Emissions Inventory in Qingdao Port Based on Big data Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Xing","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"},{"name":"Shandong Maritime Safety Administration, Qingdao 266100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5420-221X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhe","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2763-8085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Malekian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic &amp; Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7265-0008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhixiong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tian, Z., Liu, F., Li, Z., Malekian, R., and Xie, Y. 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