{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:00:59Z","timestamp":1777446059492,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,22]],"date-time":"2018-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Malaysia under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme","award":["FRGS\/1\/2012\/SG01\/UTP\/02\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2012\/SG01\/UTP\/02\/01"]}]},{"name":"University of Malaya, Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre","award":["NANOCAT RU-2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NANOCAT RU-2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The strong electrostatic adsorption (SEA) method was applied to the synthesis of a cobalt (Co) catalyst on a multi-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) support. In order to uptake more of the cobalt cluster with higher dispersion, the CNT was functionalized via acid and thermal treatment. The Co\/CNT catalyst samples were characterized by a range of methods including the Brunauer\u2013Emmet\u2013Teller (BET) surface area analyzer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR) analysis. The data from the TEM images revealed that the catalyst was highly dispersed over the external and internal walls of the CNT and that it demonstrated a narrow particle size of 6\u20138 nm. In addition, the data from the H2-TPR studies showed a lower reduction temperature (420 \u00b0C) for the pre-treated catalyst samples. Furthermore, a Fischer\u2013Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reaction was chosen to evaluate the Co\/CNT catalyst performance by using a fixed-bed microreactor at different parameters. Finally finding the optimum value of the cobalt loading percentage, particle size, and calcination conditions of Co\/CNT catalyst resulted in a CO conversion and C5+ selectivity of 58.7% and 83.2%, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym11010007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,24]],"date-time":"2018-12-24T10:37:49Z","timestamp":1545647869000},"page":"7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Effects of Cobalt Loading, Particle Size, and Calcination Condition on Co\/CNT Catalyst Performance in Fischer\u2013Tropsch Reactions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0904-5593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omid","family":"Akbarzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology &amp; Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Noor Asmawati","family":"Mohd Zabidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Yasmin","family":"Abdul Wahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology &amp; Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Nor Aliya","family":"Hamizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology &amp; Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Zaira Zaman","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology &amp; Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3462-8894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zulkifli Merican","family":"Aljunid Merican","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Marlinda","family":"Ab Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology &amp; Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Shamima","family":"Akhter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Md","family":"Shalauddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology &amp; Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Mohd Rafie","family":"Johan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology &amp; Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-860X(97)00186-5","article-title":"Design, synthesis, and use of cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts","volume":"161","author":"Iglesia","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl. 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