{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T17:24:09Z","timestamp":1767374649441,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":183,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]],"date-time":"2019-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16H04155","23651092","22350052","16655046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16H04155","23651092","22350052","16655046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated whether semi-rigid and non-rigid \u03c0-conjugated fluorophores in the photoexcited (S1) and ground (S0) states exhibited mirror symmetry by circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy using a range of compounds dissolved in achiral liquids. The fluorophores tested were six perylenes, six scintillators, 11 coumarins, two pyrromethene difluoroborates (BODIPYs), rhodamine B (RhB), and 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM). All the fluorophores showed negative-sign CPL signals in the ultraviolet (UV)\u2013visible region, suggesting energetically non-equivalent and non-mirror image structures in the S1 state. The dissymmetry ratio of the CPL (glum) increased discontinuously from approximately \u22120.2 \u00d7 10\u22123 to \u22122.0 \u00d7 10\u22123, as the viscosity of the liquids increased. Among these liquids, C2-symmetrical stilbene 420 showed glum \u2248 \u22120.5 \u00d7 10\u22123 at 408 nm in H2O and D2O, while, in a viscous alkanediol, the signal was amplified to glum \u2248 \u22122.0 \u00d7 10\u22123. Moreover, BODIPYs, RhB, and DCM in the S0 states revealed weak (\u2212)-sign CD signals with dissymmetry ratios (gabs) \u2248 \u22121.4 \u00d7 10\u22125 at \u03bbmax\/\u03bbext. The origin of the (\u2212)-sign CPL and the (\u2212)-sign CD signals may arise from an electroweak charge at the polyatomic level. Our CPL and CD spectral analysis could be a possible answer to the molecular parity violation hypothesis based on a weak neutral current of Z0 boson origin that could connect to the origin of biomolecular handedness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym11030363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]],"date-time":"2019-03-12T03:49:31Z","timestamp":1552362571000},"page":"363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Questions of Mirror Symmetry at the Photoexcited and Ground States of Non-Rigid Luminophores Raised by Circularly Polarized Luminescence and Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy. Part 2: Perylenes, BODIPYs, Molecular Scintillators, Coumarins, Rhodamine B, and DCM"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3139-9478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michiya","family":"Fujiki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julian R.","family":"Koe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, International Christian University (ICU), 3-10-2 Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seiko","family":"Amazumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Gardner, M. 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