{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T22:07:39Z","timestamp":1761948459733,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]],"date-time":"2019-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["693150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["693150"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n y Ciencia (Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a)","award":["TIN2017-87604-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TIN2017-87604-R"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent advances in semantic web and deep learning technologies enable new means for the computational analysis of vast amounts of information from the field of digital humanities. We discuss how some of the techniques can be used to identify historical and cultural symmetries between different characters, locations, events or venues, and how these can be harnessed to develop new strategies to promote intercultural and cross-border aspects that support the teaching and learning of history and heritage. The strategies have been put to the test in the context of the European project CrossCult, revealing enormous potential to encourage curiosity to discover new information and increase retention of learned information.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym11030367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]],"date-time":"2019-03-13T04:07:37Z","timestamp":1552450057000},"page":"367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Technology-Powered Strategies to Rethink the Pedagogy of History and Cultural Heritage through Symmetries and Narratives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4802-607X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mart\u00edn","family":"L\u00f3pez-Nores","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AtlantTIC Research Center, Department of Telematics Engineering, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"}]},{"given":"Omar Gustavo","family":"Bravo-Quezada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group in Cloud Computing, Smart Cities &amp; High Performance Computing, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica Salesiana, Cuenca 010102, Ecuador"}]},{"given":"Maddalena","family":"Bassani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartamento dei Beni Culturali, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3452-1168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angeliki","family":"Antoniou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of the Peloponnese, 22100 Tripoli, Greece"}]},{"given":"Ioanna","family":"Lykourentzou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Computing Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Catherine Emma","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Language and Literature, Humanities, Arts and Education, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2079-3058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalliopi","family":"Kontiza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Gallery, London WC2N 5DN, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8737-8740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Soutelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Studies in Archaeology, Antiquity and Territory, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Reboreda-Morillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Studies in Archaeology, Antiquity and Territory, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain"}]},{"given":"Yannick","family":"Naudet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of IT for Innovative Services (ITIS), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Vlachidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Studies, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK"}]},{"given":"Antonis","family":"Bikakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Studies, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Juan","family":"Pazos-Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AtlantTIC Research Center, Department of Telematics Engineering, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1080\/0965975960040305","article-title":"History Teaching, Cultural Restorationism and National Identity in England and Wales","volume":"4","author":"Phillips","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curric. Stud."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/0305792990290205","article-title":"Four Histories, One Nation? History teaching, nationhood and a British identity","volume":"29","author":"Phillips","year":"1999","journal-title":"Comp. J. Comp. Int. Educ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1080\/17508487.2015.1117006","article-title":"Teaching history, teaching nationalism: A qualitative study of history teachers in a Polish post-industrial town","volume":"58","author":"Jaskulowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Stud. Educ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/02188790902857172","article-title":"National identity and its relationship with teachers\u2019 historical knowledge and pedagogy: The case of Taiwan","volume":"29","author":"Sung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Educ."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Al Ashmawi, F., Reiss, W., Dougi, N., Riley, M., Hassani Idrissi, M., and Thurfjell, D. (2019, February 07). On a Common Path: New Approaches to Writing History Textbooks in Europe and the Arab and Islamic Worlds: The Case of the Mediterranean. Available online: http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0022\/002270\/227041e.pdf."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/09500799608666910","article-title":"Enhancing History Teaching Through a Human Rights Perspective","volume":"10","author":"Holden","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eval. Res. Educ."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guyver, R. (2016). Teaching History and the Changing Nation State\u2014Transnational and Intranational Perspectives, Bloomsbury Academic.","DOI":"10.5040\/9781474225892"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Bodenhamer, D. (2012). The Spatial Humanities: Space, Time and Place in the New Digital Age. History in the Digital Age, Routledge."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bellino, M.J., and Williams, J.H. (2017). (Re)Constructing Memory: Education, Identity, and Conflict, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-6300-860-0"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1080\/10438599.2016.1164488","article-title":"Digitization of heritage collections as indicator of innovation","volume":"26","author":"Borowiecki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Econ. Innov. New Technol."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Vavliakis, K., Karagiannis, G., and Mitkas, P. (2012, January 11\u201315). Semantic Web in cultural heritage after 2020. Proceedings of the 11th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC), Boston, MA, USA."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-011-9104-x","article-title":"Personalization in cultural heritage: The road travelled and the one ahead","volume":"22","author":"Ardissono","year":"2012","journal-title":"User Model. User Adapt. Interact."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/13614568.2012.617846","article-title":"Storytelling on mobile devices for cultural heritage","volume":"18","author":"Lombardo","year":"2012","journal-title":"New Rev. Hypermedia Multimed."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-013-9140-9","article-title":"A case study of intended versus actual experience of adaptivity in a tangible storytelling system","volume":"24","author":"Tanenbaum","year":"2014","journal-title":"User Model. User Adapt. Interact."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Preuss, U. (2016). Sustainable Digitalization of Cultural Heritage\u2014Report on Initiatives and Projects in Brandenburg, Germany. Sustainability, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/su8090891"},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Doerr, M. (2003). The CIDOC Conceptual Reference Module: An Ontological Approach to Semantic Interoperability of Metadata. AI Mag., 24."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mendes, P.N., Jakob, M., Garc\u00eda-Silva, A., and Bizer, C. (2011, January 7\u20139). DBpedia Spotlight: Shedding light on the web of documents. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Semantic Systems, Graz, Austria.","DOI":"10.1145\/2063518.2063519"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vlachidis, A., Bikakis, A., Kyriaki-Manessi, D., Triantafyllou, I., and Antoniou, A. (2017, January 24\u201327). The CrossCult Knowledge Base: A Co-inhabitant of Cultural Heritage Ontology and Vocabulary Classification. Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Advances in Databases and Information Systems (ADBIS), Nicosia, Cyprus.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67162-8_35"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malkawi, R., and Davies, P. (2012, January 1\u20133). Integration of multimedia technologies to facilitate reflection and learning, particularly in the area of digital storytelling. Proceedings of the International Conference on Education and e-Learning Innovations (ICEELI), Sousse, Tunisia.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEELI.2012.6360582"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Ioannidis, Y., El Raheb, K., Toli, E., Katifori, A., Boile, M., and Mazura, M. (November, January 28). One object, many stories: Introducing ICT in museums and collections through digital storytelling. Proceedings of the Digital Heritage International Congress, Marseille, France."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Wong, A. (2015, January 8\u201311). The whole story, and then some: Digital storytelling in evolving museum practice. Proceedings of the Museums and the Web (MW), Chicago, IL, USA."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shin, J.E., Park, H., and Woo, W. (2017, January 19\u201321). Connecting the Dots: Enhancing the Usability of Indexed Multimedia Data for AR Cultural Heritage Applications through Storytelling. Proceedings of the 15th International Workshop on Content-Based Multimedia Indexing (CBMI), Florence, Italy.","DOI":"10.1145\/3095713.3095725"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Landon, G., Landon, W., and Snodgrass, C. (2010, January 25\u201329). A geospatial narrative framework: Breathing new data into historical manuscripts. Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on eHeritage and Digital Art Preservation (eHeritage), Firenze, Italy.","DOI":"10.1145\/1877922.1877935"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collins, T., Mulholland, P., and Wolff, A. (2012, January 22\u201324). Web supported emplotment: Using object and event descriptions to facilitate storytelling online and in galleries. Proceedings of the 4th Annual ACM Web Science Conference (WebSci), Evanston, IL, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/2380718.2380728"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Chatman, S. (1980). Story and Discourse: Narrative Structure in Fiction and Film, Cornell University Press."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Hazel, P. (2008, January 5\u20138). Narrative and New Media. Proceedings of the 5th International Narrative and Interactive Learning Environments Conference (NILE), Edinburgh, UK."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Kaneiwa, K., Michiaki, I., and Fukuda, K. (2007, January 2\u20136). An upper ontology for event classifications and relations. Proceedings of the 20th Australian Joint Conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence, Gold Coast, Australia."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaw, R., Troncy, R., and Hardman, L. (2009, January 6\u20139). LODE: Linking Open Descriptions of Events. Proceedings of the 4th Asian Semantic Web Conference (ASWC), Shanghai, China.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-10871-6_11"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casillo, M., Colace, F., Santo, M.D., Lemma, S., Lombardi, M., and Pietrosanto, A. (2016, January 15\u201317). An ontological approach to digital storytelling. Proceedings of the 3rd Multidisciplinary International Social Networks Conference on Social Informatics, Union, NJ, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/2955129.2955147"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saha Ray, S. (2013). Graph Theory with Algorithms and Its Applications, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-81-322-0750-4"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heim, P., Hellmann, S., Lehmann, J., Lohmann, S., and Stegemann, T. (2009, January 2\u20134). RelFinder: Revealing relationships in RDF knowledge bases. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Semantic and Digital Media Technologies (SAMT), Graz, Austria.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-10543-2_21"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bravo-Quezada, O., L\u00f3pez-Nores, M., Garc\u00eda-Nogueiras, I., Perdiz-Grad\u00edn, D., Blanco-Fern\u00e1ndez, Y., Pazos-Arias, J., Gil-Solla, A., and Ramos-Cabrer, M. (2016, January 20\u201321). A Semantics-Based Exploratory Game to Enrich School Classes with Relevant Historical Facts. Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Semantic and Social Media Adaptation and Personalization (SMAP), Thessaloniki, Greece.","DOI":"10.1109\/SMAP.2016.7753397"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"99","article-title":"Maintaining Attention to a Narrative","volume":"18","author":"Alwitt","year":"1994","journal-title":"Adv. Psychol. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Callaway, C., Stock, O., Dekoven, E., Noy, K., Citron, Y., and Dobrin, Y. (2011, January 13\u201316). Mobile drama in an instrumented museum: Inducing group conversation via coordinated narratives. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI), Palo Alto, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/1943403.1943416"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Dai, A., Olah, C., and Le, Q. (arXiv, 2015). Document Embedding with Paragraph Vectors, arXiv."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Gensim (2019, February 07). Doc2Vec to Wikipedia Articles. Available online: https:\/\/markroxor.github.io\/gensim\/ static\/notebooks\/doc2vec-wikipedia.html."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varela-Brea, B., L\u00f3pez-Nores, M., Blanco-Fern\u00e1ndez, Y., Pazos-Arias, J., Gil-Solla, A., and Ramos-Cabrer, M. (2018, January 6\u20137). Deep Guessing: Generating Meaningful Personalized Quizzes on Historical Topics by Introducing Wikicategories in Doc2Vec. Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Semantic and Social Media Adaptation and Personalization (SMAP), Zaragoza, Spain.","DOI":"10.1109\/SMAP.2018.8501891"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poulopoulos, V., Vassilakis, C., Wallace, M., Antoniou, A., and Lepouras, G. (2018, January 6\u20137). The Effect of Social Media Trending Topics Related to Cultural Venues\u2019 Content. Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Semantic and Social Media Adaptation and Personalization (SMAP), Zaragoza, Spain.","DOI":"10.1109\/SMAP.2018.8501878"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahlers, D. (2013, January 5\u20137). Assessment of the accuracy of GeoNames gazetteer data. Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on Geographic Information Retrieval (GIR), Orlando, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/2533888.2533938"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taxidou, I., and Fischer, P. (2014, January 7\u201311). Online analysis of information diffusion in Twitter. Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW), Seoul, Korea.","DOI":"10.1145\/2567948.2580050"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.4018\/ijswis.2013070106","article-title":"Improving wiki article quality through crowd coordination: A resource allocation approach","volume":"9","author":"Lykourentzou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Semant. Web Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daif, A., Dahroug, A., L\u00f3pez-Nores, M., Gonz\u00e1lez-Soutelo, S., Bassani, M., Antoniou, A., Gil-Solla, A., Ramos-Cabrer, M., and Pazos-Arias, J. (2019). A Mobile App to Learn About Cultural and Historical Associations in a Closed Loop with Humanities Experts. Appl. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/app9010009"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charters, E. (2003). The Use of Think-aloud Methods in Qualitative Research An Introduction to Think-aloud Methods. Brock Educ., 12.","DOI":"10.26522\/brocked.v12i2.38"},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Jones, C., Antoniou, A., L\u00f3pez-Nores, M., Kontiza, K., Schall, C., Naudet, Y., and Deladienn\u00e9e, L. (2019, February 07). Evaluation and Best Practices Report. CROSSCULT Deliverable 5.3. Available online: http:\/\/www.crosscult.eu\/en\/resources\/deliverables\/."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmitt, D. (2016). Describing and Understanding the Experience of Visitors. Visiting the Visitors. An Enquiry Into the Visitor Business in Museums, Transcript Verlag.","DOI":"10.1515\/9783839432891-004"},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory, Prentice-Hall."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Zeichner, K., and Liston, D. (1996). Reflective Teaching: An Introduction, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parshotam, K. (2013, January 7\u20139). Crowd Computing: A Literature Review and Definition. Proceedings of the South African Institute for Computer Scientists and Information Technologists Conference (SAICSIT), East London, South Africa.","DOI":"10.1145\/2513456.2513470"}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/11\/3\/367\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:38:10Z","timestamp":1760186290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/11\/3\/367"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["sym11030367"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym11030367","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-8994"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]]}}}