{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:36:47Z","timestamp":1760240207384,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/BD\/128234\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/128234\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We explore the phase diagram and the modification of mesonic observables in a hot and dense medium using the (2 + 1) Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. We present the phase diagram in the (    T ,   \u03bc B   )     -plane, with its isentropic trajectories, paying special attention to the chiral critical end point (CEP). Chiral and deconfinement transitions are examined. The modifications of mesonic observables in the medium are explored as a tool to analyze the effective restoration of chiral symmetry for different regions of the phase diagram. It is shown that the meson masses, namely that of the kaons, change abruptly near the CEP, which can be relevant for its experimental search.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym11040507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T11:54:52Z","timestamp":1554724492000},"page":"507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Phase Diagram, Scalar-Pseudoscalar Meson Behavior and Restoration of Symmetries in (2 + 1) Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4809-6542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de F\u00edsica da Universidade de Coimbra (CFisUC), Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, P-3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3794-7719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renan","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de F\u00edsica da Universidade de Coimbra (CFisUC), Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, P-3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.122.345","article-title":"Dynamical Model of Elementary Particles Based on an Analogy with Superconductivity. 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