{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T05:25:38Z","timestamp":1767677138478,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]],"date-time":"2019-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Our purpose is to develop the preoperative diagnosis stage for orthopedic surgical treatments using additive manufacturing technology. Our methods involve fast implementations of an additive manufactured bone model, converted from CAT data, through appropriate software use. Then, additive manufacturing of the formed surfaces through special 3D-printers. With the structural model redesigned and printed in three dimensions, the surgeon is able to look at the printed bone and he can handle it because the model perfectly reproduces the real one upon which he will operate. We found that additive manufacturing models can precisely characterize the anatomical structures of fractures or lesions. The studied practice helps the surgeon to provide a complete preoperative valuation and a correct surgery, with minimized duration and risks. This structural model is also an effective device for communication between doctor and patient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym11040542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]],"date-time":"2019-04-15T11:15:58Z","timestamp":1555326958000},"page":"542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["New Methodology for Diagnosis of Orthopedic Diseases through Additive Manufacturing Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4809-3536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Frizziero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 2, I-40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3255-9381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Liverani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 2, I-40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6666-1309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giampiero","family":"Donnici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 2, I-40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7833-0240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Osti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 2, I-40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 2, I-40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Maredi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCSS\u2014Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Paediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Via G.C. 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Pupilli, 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.1.000012","article-title":"3D printing: Clinical applications in orthopaedics and traumatology","volume":"1","author":"Auricchio","year":"2016","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20151016-05","article-title":"Three-Dimensional Printing in Orthopedic Surgery","volume":"38","author":"Eltorai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Meomartino, L. (2018, September 30). Tomografia Computerizzata: Principi Fisici e Formazione Delle Immagini. 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