{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:38:26Z","timestamp":1760240306258,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]],"date-time":"2019-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the paper, we study the oscillation of fourth-order delay differential equations, the present authors used a Riccati transformation and the comparison technique for the fourth order delay differential equation, and that was compared with the oscillation of the certain second order differential equation. Our results extend and improve many well-known results for oscillation of solutions to a class of fourth-order delay differential equations. Some examples are also presented to test the strength and applicability of the results obtained.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym11050628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T03:15:46Z","timestamp":1557198946000},"page":"628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Asymptotic Properties of Solutions of Fourth-Order Delay Differential Equations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1694-7907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clemente","family":"Cesarano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Mathematics, International Telematic University Uninettuno, CorsoVittorio Emanuele II, 39, 00186 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0984-0159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Pinelas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faisal","family":"Al-Showaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq 1051, Bahrain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7251-9608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Bazighifan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Hadhramout University, Hadhramout 50512, Yemen"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1006\/jmaa.2001.7571","article-title":"Oscillation criteria for certain nth order differential equations with deviating arguments","volume":"262","author":"Agarwal","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Math. Appl. Anal."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"387","article-title":"On the oscillation of higher-order delay differential equations","volume":"187","author":"Baculikova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Math. Slovaca"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Bazighifan, O. (2017). Oscillation Criteria for Nonlinear Delay Differential Equation, Lambert Academic Publishing."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"105","article-title":"Oscillatory behavior of higher-order delay differential equations","volume":"2","author":"Bazighifan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gen. Lett. Math."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s13660-019-2003-0","article-title":"Oscillation of higher-order differential equations with distributed delay","volume":"2019","author":"Bazighifan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Inequal. Appl."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"21","article-title":"On Oscillatory and Asymptotic Behavior of Fourth Order Nonlinear Neutral Delay Differential Equations","volume":"17","author":"Bazighifan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mod. Math. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"45","article-title":"Oscillation Solution for Higher-Order Delay Differential Equations","volume":"29","author":"Elabbasy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. King Abdulaziz Univ."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"64","article-title":"Oscillation of Fourth-Order Advanced Differential Equations","volume":"3","author":"Elabbasy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mod. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"50","article-title":"Oscillation Criteria for Fourth-Order Nonlinear Differential Equations","volume":"15","author":"Elabbasy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mod. Math. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agarwal, R., Grace, S., and O\u2019Regan, D. (2000). 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