{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T15:00:26Z","timestamp":1761490826793,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004564","name":"Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnolo\u0161kog Razvoja","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["173025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["173025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study we compared the biomonitoring potential of various types of flower asymmetry indices in Iris pumila (Dwarf Bearded Iris). We chose 197 naturally growing clones from the arid steppe habitat in the largest sandy area in Europe (Deliblato Sands Nature Reserve), and we transplanted two replicates of each clone to a polluted highway site with a heavy traffic flow. After a period of acclimatization, lower levels of photosynthetic pigment concentrations and higher stomatal density and specific leaf area in transplants verified that the chosen highway site was indeed more stressful and therefore suitable for estimation of the flower asymmetry biomonitoring potential. We analyzed radially and bilaterally symmetrical flower structures (radial fluctuating asymmetry (RA) and bilateral fluctuating asymmetry (FA)) on three perianth parts\u2014falls, standards, and styles\u2014and calculated various asymmetry indices based on linear and geometric morphometrics. Despite utilizing a heavily polluted environment and fairly large sample sizes, only one asymmetry index was significantly higher on the polluted site with demonstrated stressful effects on utilized plants, indicating that flower asymmetry was not an efficient method for biomonitoring in the case of I. pumila RA and FA indices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym11060818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T10:49:59Z","timestamp":1561027799000},"page":"818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Radial and Bilateral Fluctuating Asymmetry of Iris pumila Flowers as Indicators of Environmental Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9195-9767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nata\u0161a","family":"Bari\u0161i\u0107 Klisari\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}]},{"given":"Danijela","family":"Miljkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}]},{"given":"Stevan","family":"Avramov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}]},{"given":"Uro\u0161","family":"\u017divkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6330-0030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksej","family":"Tarasjev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S135","DOI":"10.1086\/314219","article-title":"Morphological developmental stability in plants: Patterns and causes","volume":"160","author":"Shykoff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. 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