{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T18:30:58Z","timestamp":1776191458403,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,11]],"date-time":"2019-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tunnels commonly pass through inclined rock stratum, but research on the collapse of the rock surrounding the tunnels in inclined rock strata is currently underdeveloped. The purpose of this study was to predict the progressive asymmetrical collapse failure of deep-buried tunnels in inclined rock strata to decrease the risk of collapse during tunnel construction. We constructed a new two-dimensional progressive asymmetrical collapse failure mechanism for deep-buried tunnels in inclined rock layers to analyze their collapse failure characteristics with the help of the nonlinear Hoek\u2013Brown yield criterion and the limit analysis theorem. The calculation equations of the range and total weight of the asymmetrical collapsing block in rectangular and circular tunnels were obtained via theoretical derivation. The validity of the proposed method in this work was verified by comparison with existing research. To discuss the impact of different parameters on the range and total weight of an asymmetrical collapsing block of the surrounding rock in inclined rock stratum, the range and total weight of the asymmetrical collapsing block of the most common rectangular and circular tunnels under the varied parameters are provided. The results of this study can provide useful support for practical tunnel construction and design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym11070904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,11]],"date-time":"2019-07-11T11:28:28Z","timestamp":1562844508000},"page":"904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Limit Analysis of Progressive Asymmetrical Collapse Failure of Tunnels in Inclined Rock Stratum"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Cheng","family":"Lyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengqiang","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yucang","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tust.2005.06.003","article-title":"Tunnel stability and arching effects during tunneling in soft clayey soil","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tunn. 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