{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T01:33:24Z","timestamp":1780104804672,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]],"date-time":"2019-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China\uff1bthe young-aged talents lifting project from Shandong Association for Science &amp; Technology\uff1bShandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["Nos.51571102,51701081, 51871111\uff1bNo. 301-1505001\uff1bNo. ZR2017BEM001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Nos.51571102,51701081, 51871111\uff1bNo. 301-1505001\uff1bNo. ZR2017BEM001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Quasicrystal alloys have a wide application prospect because of excellent performances and characteristics; meanwhile, magnesium alloys are known as green engineering materials because of their high specific strength and light weight. Therefore, the study of Mg-Zn-Gd quasicrystal alloys is of great significance for the development of new materials. In this paper, Mg(70-x)Zn30Gdx(x=3,4,5) alloys were prepared by a conventional casting method and the morphologies and properties of these alloys were studied. There was a new symmetrical rod phase found in the Mg66Zn30Gd4 alloy and the symmetrical rod phase was identified as a ternary phase by mapping scanning and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The Zn\/Gd ratio of the symmetrical rod phase was found to be 4.8 and the TEM images obtained were different from the typical diffraction spots patterns of quasicrystalline, which means it is unlikely to be quasicrystalline. With different melt holding time, the symmetrical rod phase evolved gradually over time from a lamellar eutectic structure; differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), heat treatment, and microhardness tests showed that the melting temperature of the rod phase was 453 \u00b0C and that its thermal stability and microhardness are better than quasicrystalline. Hence, the symmetrical rod phase is a new kind of complex metallic alloy phase whose composition and properties are close to those of quasicrystals but is not quasicrystalline.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym11080988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]],"date-time":"2019-08-02T11:58:16Z","timestamp":1564747096000},"page":"988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Study of A New Symmetrical Rod Phase in Mg-Zn-Gd Alloys"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jianhang","family":"Yue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, No. 336, West Road of Nanxinzhuang, Jinan 250022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, No. 336, West Road of Nanxinzhuang, Jinan 250022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6293-7278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, No. 336, West Road of Nanxinzhuang, Jinan 250022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guorong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, No. 336, West Road of Nanxinzhuang, Jinan 250022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, No. 336, West Road of Nanxinzhuang, Jinan 250022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinfeng","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, No. 336, West Road of Nanxinzhuang, Jinan 250022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinying","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, No. 336, West Road of Nanxinzhuang, Jinan 250022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1557\/JMR.2004.0205","article-title":"Structure and mechanical properties of cast quasicrystal-reinforced Mg\u2013Zn\u2013Al\u2013Y base alloys","volume":"19","author":"Yuan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.53.1951","article-title":"Metallic phase with long-range orientational order and no translational symmetry","volume":"53","author":"Shechtman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.53.2477","article-title":"Quasicrystals: A new class of ordered structures","volume":"53","author":"Levine","year":"1984","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1008695108","article-title":"Colloidal quasicrystals with 12-fold and 18-fold diffraction symmetry","volume":"108","author":"Fischer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.78.467","article-title":"Structural Analysis of the Fivefold Symmetric Surface of the A l 70 P d 21 M n 9 Quasicrystal by Low Energy Electron Diffraction","volume":"78","author":"Gierer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/35008023","article-title":"Complete photonic bandgaps in 12-fold symmetric quasicrystals","volume":"404","author":"Zoorob","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2012.05.035","article-title":"Phase equilibria and transformations in ternary Mg-rich Mg\u2013Y\u2013Zn alloys","volume":"60","author":"Kozlov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suck, J.B., Schreiber, M., and H\u00e4ussler, P. (2002). Quasicrystals: An Introduction to Structure, Physical Properties and Applications, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-05028-6"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6462(01)01052-1","article-title":"Quasi-crystalline grain-boundary phase in the magnesium die-cast alloy ZA85","volume":"45","author":"Vogel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scr. Mater."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physb.2017.12.052","article-title":"Melt holding time as an important factor on the formation of quasicrystal phase in Mg67Zn30Gd3 alloy","volume":"533","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. B Condens. Matter"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2016.08.011","article-title":"Application of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) to quasicrystal-containing microstructures in the Mg-Cd-Yb system","volume":"119","author":"Tanaka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys4002","article-title":"Intrinsic photonic wave localization in a three-dimensional icosahedral quasicrystal","volume":"13","author":"Jeon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scriptamat.2014.01.035","article-title":"Formation mechanism of quasicrystals at the nanoscale during hot compression of Mg alloys","volume":"78","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scr. Mater."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2017.04.006","article-title":"Precipitation of secondary phase in Mg-Zn-Gd alloy after room-temperature deformation and annealing","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2014.05.131","article-title":"Nanoscale icosahedral quasicrystal phase precipitation mechanism during annealing for Mg\u2013Zn\u2013Gd-based alloys","volume":"130","author":"Tian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2016.11.003","article-title":"Temperature dependence of resistivity and crystallization behaviors of amorphous melt-spun ribbon of Mg66Zn30Gd4 alloy","volume":"189","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2015.02.044","article-title":"Phase equilibria and transformations in ternary Mg\u2013Gd\u2013Zn alloys","volume":"90","author":"Kozlova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"537","article-title":"The structures of hexagonal phases in Mg-Zn-Re (Re= Sm and Gd) alloys","volume":"213","author":"Sugiyama","year":"1998","journal-title":"Z. Fur Krist."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2017.11.022","article-title":"Influence of size and distribution of W-phase on strength and ductility of high strength Mg-5.1 Zn-3.2 Y-0.4 Zr-0.4 Ca alloy processed by indirect extrusion","volume":"34","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/11\/8\/988\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:12:49Z","timestamp":1760188369000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/11\/8\/988"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["sym11080988"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym11080988","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-8994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]]}}}