{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:42:46Z","timestamp":1760240566508,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]],"date-time":"2019-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigate the particle creation, as well as the thermodynamics phenomenon of viscous generalized cosmic Chaplygin gas as a cosmic fluid by assuming the flat FRW universe. For this purpose, we extract various parameters such as the energy density     ( \u03c1 )    , Hubble parameter     ( H )    , declaration parameter     ( q )    , temperature     (  T f  )    , and particle number density     ( n )     in the presence of three different models of the particle creation rate (   \u0393   ). We discuss the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics and thermal equilibrium condition under three models of    \u0393    and discuss the graphical behavior of above-mentioned terms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym11081039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]],"date-time":"2019-08-13T04:31:21Z","timestamp":1565670681000},"page":"1039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Particle Creation and Thermal Aspects of Viscous Generalized Cosmic Chaplygin Gas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5249-803X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul","family":"Jawad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore-Campus, Lahore-54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shamaila","family":"Rani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore-Campus, Lahore-54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Adeel","family":"Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore-Campus, Lahore-54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01326412","article-title":"Zum Paradoxon der Warmeleitungstheorie","volume":"198","author":"Muller","year":"1967","journal-title":"Z. Phys."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4916(76)90064-6","article-title":"Nonstationary irreversible thermodynamics: A Causal relativistic theory","volume":"100","author":"Israel","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann. 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