{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:44:31Z","timestamp":1760240671482,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]],"date-time":"2019-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11176016","60872117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11176016","60872117"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An effective method to enhance the contrast of digital images is proposed in this paper. A histogram function is developed to make the histogram curve smoother, which can be used to avoid the loss of information in the processed image. Besides the histogram function, an adaptive gamma correction for the histogram is proposed to stretch the brightness contrast. Moreover, the log-exp transformation strategy is presented to progressively increase the low intensity while suppressing the decrement of the high intensity. In order to further widen the dynamic range of the image, the nonlinear normalization transformation is put forward to make the output image more natural and clearer. In the experiment on non-uniform illumination images, the average contrast per pixel (CPP), root mean square (RMS), and discrete entropy (DE) metrics of the developed approach are shown to be superior to selected state-of-the-art methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym11081062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]],"date-time":"2019-08-21T11:19:06Z","timestamp":1566386346000},"page":"1062","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Image Enhancement Using Modified Histogram and Log-Exp Transformation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Liyun","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yepeng","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2010.2045817","article-title":"Adaptive region-based image enhancement method for robust face recognition under variable illumination conditions","volume":"20","author":"Du","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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