{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T08:47:33Z","timestamp":1770886053934,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]],"date-time":"2019-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education of Malaysia under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme","award":["FRGS\/1\/2018\/STG01\/UTP\/02\/3 and FRGS\/1\/2012\/SG01\/UTP\/02\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2018\/STG01\/UTP\/02\/3 and FRGS\/1\/2012\/SG01\/UTP\/02\/01"]}]},{"name":"University of Malaya, Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre","award":["RU011-2018 Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RU011-2018 Grant"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cobalt (Co) catalyst is supported by carbon nanotubes (CNT) using a strong electrostatic adsorption (SEA) method. To promote activity and selectivity as well as find the optimum loading percentage and its effect on catalyst performance, manganese (Mn) has been added to the Co\/CNT catalyst. Samples were characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX), transmission electron microscope (TEM), hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), Zeta potential, Brunauer\u2013Emmett\u2013Teller (BET) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray spectroscopy (XPS). TEM images illustrated an intake of metal particles which were highly dispersed, having a narrow particle size distribution of 6\u20138 nm to the external and internal CNT support. H2-TPR showed a lower temperature reduction with Mn at 420 \u00b0C for Fischer\u2013Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reaction. The Co\u2013Mn\/CNT catalyst performance test for FTS was performed at a temperature of 240 \u00b0C in a fixed-bed micro-reactor at a pressure of 2.0 MPa. The addition of manganese resulted in a lower methane selectivity and a higher C5+ product with an optimum percentage of 5% of manganese. CO conversion was 86.6% and had a C5+ selectivity of 81.5%, which was higher than the catalysts obtained using only Co on pretreated CNT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym11111328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T03:20:36Z","timestamp":1571973636000},"page":"1328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effect of Manganese on Co\u2013Mn\/CNT Bimetallic Catalyst Performance in Fischer\u2013Tropsch Reaction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0904-5593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omid","family":"Akbarzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology &amp; Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Noor Asmawati","family":"Mohd Zabidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Zulkifli Merican","family":"Aljunid Merican","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Suresh","family":"Sagadevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology &amp; Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0386-7289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Kordijazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA"}]},{"given":"Sourav","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5061-5706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arman","family":"Amani Babadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Marlinda","family":"Ab Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology &amp; Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Nor Aliya","family":"Hamizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology &amp; Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1681-2201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasmin","family":"Abdul Wahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology &amp; Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Mohd","family":"Rafie Johan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology &amp; Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-2991(04)80458-0","article-title":"Chapter 1\u2014Introduction to Fischer-Tropsch Technology","volume":"Volume 152","author":"Steynberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-860X(02)00195-3","article-title":"Fischer\u2013Tropsch synthesis: Support, loading, and promoter effects on the reducibility of cobalt catalysts","volume":"233","author":"Jacobs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. 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