{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:49:01Z","timestamp":1760240941373,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]],"date-time":"2019-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As a kind of statically-indeterminate point-support structure, the irregular-plate bridge (IPB) is extremely sensitive to the settlement of pier columns, and the stress of the plate is complicated. Because of the limitation of environmental conditions, the newly-built subway circular symmetric shield tunnel needs to pass the pier foundation of the IPB perpendicularly. To control the engineering risks, the pier settlement value must be known, and measures should be taken to reduce the settlement. This paper takes the project of the Beijing subway circular symmetric shield tunnels passing the existing IPB of the Guang\u2019anmen Bridge as an example. First, the stress characteristics and settlement control standards of the IPB are analyzed, and then the technical scheme of synchronous jacking and key points of risk control during the construction of the shield passing the IPB are put forward. The relationship between the excavation face pressure of the shield tunnel and pier foundation settlement, and the ground settlement, are then analyzed. Finally, structural cracking after construction is analyzed, and the analysis shows that synchronous jacking technology can effectively control the settlement value of the subway tunnel passing the IPB. The technology is a feasible method for controlling the safety of a tunnel passing through a sensitive, statically-indeterminate bridge, and this work is a successful experience for similar major risk projects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym11111331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T04:41:27Z","timestamp":1571978487000},"page":"1331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk Control Standard and Construction Control Technology of Shield Tunnel Passing through Irregular-Plate Bridge"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yougang","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"Beijing Rail Transit Construction Management Co., Ltd., Beijing 100037, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Fully Automatic Operation and Safety Monitoring for Urban Rail Transit, Beijing 100037, China"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Transport of the People\u2019s Republic of China (MTPRC) (2007). China Code for Design of Ground Base and Foundation of Highway Bridges and Culverts (JTG D63-2007)."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Ministry of Housing and Uran-Rural Development of the People\u2019s Republic of China (MOHURD) (2013). China Code for Metro Design (GB 50157-2013)."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1061\/JSFEAQ.0001743","article-title":"Behavior of Laterlly Loaded Piles: 3-socketed pile Groups","volume":"98","author":"Poulos","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Soil Mech. Found. Div."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9410(1996)122:9(745)","article-title":"Simplified Method for design of underpinning piles","volume":"122","author":"Makarchian","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Geotech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1090-0241(1999)125:3(207)","article-title":"Pile responses caused by tunneling","volume":"125","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/nag.194","article-title":"Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the interaction between tunneling and pile foundations","volume":"26","author":"Mroueh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"176","article-title":"Response of carrying capacity of piles induced by adjacent Metro tunneling","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Min. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1680\/geot.2000.50.3.283","article-title":"Centrifuge model testing of tunnelingduced ground and pile deformation","volume":"50","author":"Lognathan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Geotechnique"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tust.2004.02.011","article-title":"3D numerical study of tunnel-soil-pile interaction","volume":"19","author":"Cheng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tust.2006.08.002","article-title":"Finite element analysis of tunnel\u2013soil\u2013pile interaction using displacement controlled model","volume":"22","author":"Cheng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"89","article-title":"Assessment and control of metro-construction induced settlement of a pile-supported urban overpass","volume":"23","author":"Xiang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. Inc. Trenchless Technol. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"840","article-title":"Support settlement and slabs reinforced with low-ductility steel","volume":"106","author":"Goldsworthy","year":"2009","journal-title":"ACI Struct. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2010.01.025","article-title":"Strength and ductility of reinforced concrete slabs containing welded wire fabric and subjected to support settlement","volume":"32","author":"Gilbert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"3259","article-title":"Simplified calculation of jacking load in active underpinning of bridge piles","volume":"36","author":"Tao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rock Soil Mech."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.25103\/jestr.091.20","article-title":"Study on the reinforcement measures and control effect of the surrounding rock stability based on the shield tunneling under overpass structure","volume":"9","author":"Fang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Eng. Sci. Technol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"93","article-title":"Research on the optimal technology of active underpinning for pile foundation in shield tunneling building","volume":"35","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Railw. Eng. Soc."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"6","article-title":"Further Discussion on Design and Calculation of \u201cBeam-less Special-shaped Slab Bridge\u201d","volume":"30","author":"Shen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spec. Struct."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Itasca Consulting Group, Inc. (2009). FLAC3D: Theory and Background, Itasca Consulting Group, Inc."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/11\/11\/1331\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:28:58Z","timestamp":1760189338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/11\/11\/1331"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["sym11111331"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym11111331","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-8994"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]]}}}