{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T08:17:09Z","timestamp":1771229829132,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 61702034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 61702034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Opening Project of Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology","award":["No. 2017B030314131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2017B030314131"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is a worldwide popular video coding standard due to its high coding efficiency. To make profits, forgers prefer to transcode videos from previous standards such as H.264\/AVC to HEVC. To deal with this issue, an efficient method is proposed to expose such transcoded HEVC videos based on coding unit (CU) and prediction unit (PU) partition types. CU and PU partitioning are two unique syntactic units of HEVC that can reflect a video\u2019s compression history. In this paper, CU and PU partition types of I pictures and P pictures are firstly extracted. Then, their mean frequencies are calculated and concatenated as distinguishing features, which are further sent to a support vector machine (SVM) for classification. Experimental results show that the proposed method can identify transcoded HEVC videos with high accuracy and has strong robustness against frame-deletion and shifted Group of Pictures (GOP) structure attacks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym11111343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T12:30:50Z","timestamp":1572611450000},"page":"1343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Detection of Transcoding from H.264\/AVC to HEVC Based on CU and PU Partition Types"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Zhenzhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changbo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Operation Center of Network Security Products China Telecom Corp. Ltd., Beijing 100010, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaohong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing JiaoTong University, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lifang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huanma","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeejio Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100086, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2019, August 10). 160 YouTube Statistics and Facts 2019. 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