{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T17:56:14Z","timestamp":1775066174233,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The wide acceptability of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as the most efficient of all of the symmetric cryptographic techniques has further opened it up to more attacks. Efforts that were aimed at securing information while using AES is still being undermined by the activities of attackers This has further necessitated the need for researchers to come up with ways of enhancing the strength of AES. This article presents an enhanced AES algorithm that was achieved by modifying its SubBytes and ShiftRows transformations. The SubBytes transformation is modified to be round key dependent, while the ShiftRows transformation is randomized. The rationale behind the modification is to make the two transformations round key dependent, so that a single bit change in the key will produce a significant change in the cipher text. The conventional and modified AES algorithms are both implemented and evaluated in terms avalanche effect and execution time. The modified AES algorithm achieved an avalanche effect of 57.81% as compared to 50.78 recorded with the conventional AES. However, with 16, 32, 64, and 128 plain text bytes, the modified AES recorded an execution time of 0.18, 0.31, 0.46, and 0.59 ms, respectively. This is slightly higher than the results obtained with the conventional AES. Though a slightly higher execution time in milliseconds was recorded with the modified AES, the improved encryption and decryption strength via the avalanche effects measured is a desirable feat.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym11121484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T11:16:31Z","timestamp":1575544591000},"page":"1484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Modified Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm for Information Security"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8912-6333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oluwakemi Christiana","family":"Abikoye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240103, Kwara State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1675-5857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad Dokoro","family":"Haruna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, Gombe State University, Gombe 760214, Gombe State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullahi","family":"Abubakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240103, Kwara State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noah Oluwatobi","family":"Akande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data and Information Security Research Group, Computer Science Department, Landmark University, Omu-Aran 251101, Kwara State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6774-8529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel Oluwatobi","family":"Asani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data and Information Security Research Group, Computer Science Department, Landmark University, Omu-Aran 251101, Kwara State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"Implementation of Textual Information Encryption using 128, 192 and 256 Bits Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm","volume":"15","author":"Christiana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. 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