{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T01:39:50Z","timestamp":1776217190199,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]],"date-time":"2019-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work aims at designing and optimizing the performance of a small Horizontal-Axis-Wind-Turbine to obtain a power coefficient (CP) higher than 40% at a low wind speed of 5 m\/s. Two symmetric in shape airfoils were used to get the final optimized airfoil. The main objective is to optimize the blade parameters that influence the design of the blade since the small turbines are prone to show low performance due to the low Reynolds number as a result of the small size of the rotor and the low wind speed. Therefore, the optimization process will select different airfoils and extract their performance at the design conditions to find the best sections which form the optimal design of the blade. The sections of the blade in the final version mainly consist of two different sections belong to S1210 and S1223 airfoils. The optimization process goes further by investigating the performance of the final design, and it employs the blade element momentum theory to enhance the design. Finally, the rotor-design was obtained, which consists of three blades with a diameter of 4 m, a hub of 20 cm radius, a tip-speed ratio of 6.5 and can obtain about 650 W with a Power coefficient of 0.445 at a wind-speed of 5.5 m\/s, reaching a power of 1.18 kW and a power coefficient of 0.40 at a wind-speed of 7 m\/s.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12010018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T03:23:12Z","timestamp":1577071392000},"page":"18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Small Wind Turbine Blade Design and Optimization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3697-6019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hani","family":"Muhsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechatronics Engineering Department, Faculty of Applied Technical Sciences, German Jordanian University, 11180 Amman, Jordan"}]},{"given":"Wael","family":"Al-Kouz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechatronics Engineering Department, Faculty of Applied Technical Sciences, German Jordanian University, 11180 Amman, Jordan"}]},{"given":"Waqar","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, 31952 Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hau, E. 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