{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T11:13:33Z","timestamp":1780571613652,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]],"date-time":"2019-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61662025, 61871289"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61662025, 61871289"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Foundation of Philosophy and Social Science of Hunan Province","award":["16YBX042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16YBX042"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LY20F030006, LY20F020011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LY20F030006, LY20F020011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province","award":["16C1311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16C1311"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inspired by human dancers who can evaluate the aesthetics of their own dance poses through mirror observation, this paper presents a corresponding mechanism for robots to improve their cognitive and autonomous abilities. Essentially, the proposed mechanism is a brain-like intelligent system that is symmetrical to the visual cognitive nervous system of the human brain. Specifically, a computable cognitive model of visual aesthetics is developed using the two important aesthetic cognitive neural models of the human brain, which is then applied in the automatic aesthetics evaluation of robotic dance poses. Three kinds of features (color, shape and orientation) are extracted in a manner similar to the visual feature elements extracted by human brains. After applying machine learning methods in different feature combinations, machine aesthetics models are built for automatic evaluation of robotic dance poses. The simulation results show that our approach can process visual information effectively by cognitive computation, and achieved a very good evaluation performance of automatic aesthetics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12010023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T03:23:12Z","timestamp":1577071392000},"page":"23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Creating a Computable Cognitive Model of Visual Aesthetics for Automatic Aesthetics Evaluation of Robotic Dance Poses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hua","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China"},{"name":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China"},{"name":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Arts, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5797-1412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huosheng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5628-7640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keli","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulong","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2015.2393558","article-title":"Robotic dance in social robotics\u2014A taxonomy","volume":"45","author":"Peng","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Hum. Mach. Syst."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Zeki, S., and Nash, J. (1999). Inner Vision: An Exploration of Art and the Brain, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"55","article-title":"Prospects for a cognitive neuroscience of visual aesthetics","volume":"4","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull. Psychol. Arts"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13035","article-title":"Neuroscience of aesthetics","volume":"1369","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1027\/0269-8803.21.1.9","article-title":"Electrophysiological indices of processing symmetry and aesthetics: A result of judgment categorization or judgment report?","volume":"21","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1348\/0007126042369811","article-title":"A model of aesthetic appreciation and aesthetic judgments","volume":"95","author":"Leder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00218","article-title":"Combining universal beauty and cultural context in a unifying model of visual aesthetic experience","volume":"9","author":"Redies","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2015.03.001","article-title":"The quartet theory of human emotions: An integrative and neurofunctional model","volume":"13","author":"Koelsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Life Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(99)01327-3","article-title":"Is imitation learning the route to humanoid robots?","volume":"3","author":"Schaal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1109\/3468.952717","article-title":"Learning and communication via imitation: An autonomous robot perspective","volume":"31","author":"Andry","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part A Syst. Hum."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(02)02016-8","article-title":"Robots that imitate humans","volume":"6","author":"Breazeal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Vircikova, M., and Sincak, P. (2010, January 28\u201329). Dance Choreography design of humanoid robots using interactive evolutionary computation. Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop for Young Researchers on Human-Friendly Robotics (HFR 2010), T\u00fcbingen, Germany."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Vircikova, M., and Sincak, P. (2019, December 19). Artificial Intelligence in Humanoid Systems. Available online: https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/756300\/Artificial_Intelligence_in_Humanoid_Systems."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vircikova, M., and Sincak, P. (2011, January 13\u201315). Discovering art in robotic motion: From imitation to innovation via interactive evolution. Proceedings of the Ubiquitous Computing and Multimedia Applications, Daejeon, Korea.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-20975-8_20"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-016-0355-x","article-title":"Autonomous robotic choreography creation via semi-interactive evolutionary computation","volume":"8","author":"Peng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Robot."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., Peng, H., Hu, H., Luo, Z., and Tang, C. (2019). Multimodal information fusion for automatic aesthetics evaluation of robotic dance poses. Int. J. Soc. Robot.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2018.10.016"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2018.10.016","article-title":"Feature fusion based automatic aesthetics evaluation of robotic dance poses","volume":"111","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Robot. Auton. Syst."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eaton, M. (2013, January 13\u201316). An approach to the synthesis of humanoid robot dance using non-interactive evolutionary techniques. Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), Manchester, UK.","DOI":"10.1109\/SMC.2013.563"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1177\/1089313X0901300402","article-title":"Development of the \u2018performance competence evaluation measure\u2019 assessing qualitative aspects of dance performance","volume":"13","author":"Krasnow","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dance Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1917","article-title":"An empiric evaluation of a real-time robot dancing framework based on multi-modal events","volume":"10","author":"Oliveira","year":"2012","journal-title":"TELKOMNIKA Indones. J. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"1","article-title":"An automatic system for humanoid dance creation","volume":"15","author":"Infantino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Inspired Cogn. Archit."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2016.09.012","article-title":"Creation and cognition for humanoid live dancing","volume":"86","author":"Augello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Robot Auton. Syst."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manfr\u00e9, A., Infantino, I., Augello, A., Pilato, G., and Vella, F. (2017, January 10\u201312). Learning by demonstration for a dancing robot within a computational creativity framework. Proceedings of the 1st IEEE International Conference on Robotic Computing (IRC 2017), Taichung, Taiwan.","DOI":"10.1109\/IRC.2017.58"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850023","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219843618500238","article-title":"A music-driven dance system of humanoid robots","volume":"15","author":"Qin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Humanoid. Robot."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Gazzaniga, M.S., Ivry, R.B., and Mangun, G.R. (2013). Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind, W. W. Norton & Company. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015720","article-title":"\u2018GrabCut\u2019: Interactive foreground extraction using iterated graph cuts","volume":"23","author":"Rother","year":"2004","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stricker, M.A., and Orengo, M. (1995, January 23). Similarity of color images. Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Storage and Retrieval for Image and Video Databases III, San Jose, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.205308"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1962.1057692","article-title":"Visual pattern recognition by moment invariants","volume":"8","author":"Hu","year":"1962","journal-title":"IRE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, H., Li, J., Hu, H., Zhou, C., and Ding, Y. (2018). Robotic choreography inspired by the method of human dance creation. Information, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/info9100250"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spence, C., and Driver, J. (2004). Crossmodal spatial interactions in subcortical and cortical circuits. Crossmodal Space and Crossmodal Attention, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198524861.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau6595","article-title":"Using neuroscience to develop artificial intelligence","volume":"363","author":"Ullman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1109\/TAMD.2010.2086454","article-title":"Body schema in robotics: A review","volume":"2","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Auton. Ment. Dev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1109\/TAMD.2009.2021702","article-title":"Cognitive developmental robotics: A survey","volume":"1","author":"Asada","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Auton. Ment. Dev."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2018.2836933","article-title":"A discrete-time projection neural network for sparse signal reconstruction with application to face recognition","volume":"30","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/12\/1\/23\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:44:15Z","timestamp":1760190255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/12\/1\/23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["sym12010023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym12010023","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-8994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]]}}}