{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T06:58:24Z","timestamp":1772866704917,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,26]],"date-time":"2019-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017R1D1A1B03035576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1D1A1B03035576"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2017R1A2B2005380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2017R1A2B2005380"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2019R1A2C1008244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2019R1A2C1008244"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002491","name":"Hansung University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Hansung University"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Hansung University"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002491","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study proposes an asymmetric interface that can provide head-mounted display (HMD) and non-HMD users with improved presence and an experience consistent with the user\u2019s environment in an asymmetric virtual reality. For the proposed asymmetric interface, a controller-based hand interface is designed for portability, easy and convenient use, and high immersion. Subsequently, a three-step decision-making structure that supports accurate and efficient decision-making is defined based on the asymmetric experience structure of each user (HMD and non-HMD). Based on this process, an optimal interface that distinguishes between HMD (direct interaction) and non-HMD users (multi-viewpoint interaction) is implemented. With the objective of surveying and analyzing each user\u2019s experience along with the presence provided by the proposed interface, an asymmetric virtual reality application is developed directly, and an experiment is conducted with the participants. Finally, it is statistically analyzed and verified that the use of the proposed asymmetric interface can provide optimal presence and user-optimized experience to both HMD and non-HMD users.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12010053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]],"date-time":"2019-12-27T05:37:08Z","timestamp":1577425028000},"page":"53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Asymmetric Interface: User Interface of Asymmetric Virtual Reality for New Presence and Experience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Kisung","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Visual Information Processing, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1663-9306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinmo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Computer Engineering, Hansung University, Seoul 02876, Korea"}]},{"given":"Mingyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Visual Information Processing, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6848-5110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiwon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Culture Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea"}]},{"given":"Chanhun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Virtual Reality (2001, October 03). 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