{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T22:27:07Z","timestamp":1775255227636,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,10]],"date-time":"2020-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004054","name":"King Abdulaziz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KEP-72-130-38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KEP-72-130-38"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work uses the \u201cfractional order bio-heat model\u201d (Fob) model of heat conduction to offer a new interpretation to study the thermal damages in a skin tissue caused by laser irradiation. The influences of fractional order and the thermal relaxation time parameters on the temperature of skin tissue and the resulting thermal damage are studied. In the Laplace domain, the analytical solutions of temperature are obtained. Using the equation of Arrhenius, the resulting thermal injury to the tissues is assessed by the denatured protein ranges. The numerical results of the thermal damages and temperature are presented graphically. A parametric analysis is dedicated to the identifications of suitable procedures for the selection of significant design variables to achieve an effective thermal in the therapy of hyperthermia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12040602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]],"date-time":"2020-04-14T03:10:01Z","timestamp":1586833801000},"page":"602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"title":["The Effect of Fractional Time Derivative of Bioheat Model in Skin Tissue Induced to Laser Irradiation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9407-9650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aatef","family":"Hobiny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nonlinear Analysis and Applied Mathematics Research Group (NAAM), Mathematics Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21521, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Faris","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nonlinear Analysis and Applied Mathematics Research Group (NAAM), Mathematics Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21521, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9595-439X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nonlinear Analysis and Applied Mathematics Research Group (NAAM), Mathematics Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21521, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1552-3763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marin","family":"Marin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500093 Brasov, Romania"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.07.038","article-title":"Analytical characterization of heat transport through biological media incorporating hyperthermia treatment","volume":"52","author":"Mahjoob","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. 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