{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T03:30:56Z","timestamp":1764646256934,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"key research and development plan project of Shanxi Science and Technology Department","award":["2017ZDXM-GY-016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017ZDXM-GY-016"]}]},{"name":"the project of Department of Education Science Research of Shanxi Province","award":["17JK0371"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17JK0371"]}]},{"name":"the Industrial research project of Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province","award":["2016KTZDGY4-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016KTZDGY4-09"]}]},{"name":"the Pre-research Project of 13th Five-year Equipment Development","award":["41402020202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41402020202"]}]},{"name":"the Research project on teaching reform of education in Shaanxi province","award":["17JZ004, 17JY015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17JZ004, 17JY015"]}]},{"name":"the fund of National Laboratory of Network and Detection Control","award":["GSYSJ2017007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GSYSJ2017007"]}]},{"name":"the Characteristic disciplines in Education department of Shaanxi province","award":["080901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["080901"]}]},{"name":"the Key project of educational reform at the school level of Xi\u2019an Technological University","award":["18JGZ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18JGZ01"]}]},{"name":"the project of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students at the national level","award":["1070214030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1070214030"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The random variation of bandwidth in wireless networks causes some significant challenges to the congestion control protocols based on bandwidth estimation. In this paper, a wireless congestion control scheme based on extended Kalman filtering and bandwidth (CSEKB) is proposed. The CSEKB can effectively perceive the bandwidth oscillation of wireless networks and distinguish the type of packet loss by establishing a noise perception factor. According to the congestion factor, the congestion control parameters are adjusted to correspondingly improve the performance of the wireless network. Moreover, the variation trend of the size of the congestion window presents a law of similar normal distribution curve, which has a certain degree of local symmetry. The CSEKB was implemented in Network simulator 3 (NS3) and compared with TCP Westwood (TCPW), CUBIC, and extended Kalman filtering-based bandwidth estimation (EBE). Through extensive simulation studies, the proposed CSEKB demonstrated the significant performance in wireless networks. First, the CSEKB can achieve congestion control based on the accurate prediction of available bandwidth, and improve average throughput and link utilization. In addition, the CSEKB has good fairness and friendliness compared with several other well-known congestion control methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12040646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T05:48:52Z","timestamp":1587448132000},"page":"646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Research of Wireless Congestion Control Algorithm Based on EKF"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}]},{"given":"Junyong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1145\/3012426.3022184","article-title":"BBR: Congestion-Based Congestion Control","volume":"14","author":"Cardwell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Queue"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"A New Dynamic Adjustment Strategy of Transmission Control Protocol Congestion Window","volume":"39","author":"Ru","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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