{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T05:15:28Z","timestamp":1767676528906,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The notions of fuzzy set (FS) and intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) make a major contribution to dealing with practical situations in an indeterminate and imprecise framework, but there are some limitations. Pythagorean fuzzy set (PFS) is an extended form of the IFS, in which degree of truthness and degree of falsity meet the condition 0\u2264\u0398\u02d82(x)+K2(x)\u22641. Another extension of PFS is a q\u00b4-rung orthopair fuzzy set (q\u00b4-ROFS), in which truthness degree and falsity degree meet the condition 0\u2264\u0398\u02d8q\u00b4(x)+Kq\u00b4(x)\u22641,(q\u00b4\u22651), so they can characterize the scope of imprecise information in more comprehensive way. q\u00b4-ROFS theory is superior to FS, IFS, and PFS theory with distinguished characteristics. This study develops a few aggregation operators (AOs) for the fusion of q\u00b4-ROF information and introduces a new approach to decision-making based on the proposed operators. In the framework of this investigation, the idea of a generalized parameter is integrated into the q\u00b4-ROFS theory and different generalized q\u00b4-ROF geometric aggregation operators are presented. Subsequently, the AOs are extended to a \u201cgroup-based generalized parameter\u201d, with the perception of different specialists\/decision makers. We developed q\u00b4-ROF geometric aggregation operator under generalized parameter and q\u00b4-ROF geometric aggregation operator under group-based generalized parameter. Increased water requirements, in parallel with water scarcity, force water utilities in developing countries to follow complex operating techniques for the distribution of the available amounts of water. Reducing water losses from water supply systems can help to bridge the gap between supply and demand. Finally, a decision-making approach based on the proposed operator is being built to solve the problems under the q\u00b4-ROF environment. An illustrative example related to water loss management has been given to show the validity of the developed method. Comparison analysis between the proposed and the existing operators have been performed in term of counter-intuitive cases for showing the liability and dominance of proposed techniques to the existing one is also considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12081236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]],"date-time":"2020-07-30T12:15:38Z","timestamp":1596111338000},"page":"1236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Geometric Aggregation Operators Based on Generalized and Group-Generalized Parameters with Application to Water Loss Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8115-9168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Riaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3327-086X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayesha","family":"Razzaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5835-3349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Humaira","family":"Kalsoom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8522-1942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dragan","family":"Pamu\u010dar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Logistics, University of Defence, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8318-0750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hafiz Muhammad","family":"Athar Farid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0944-2134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Ming","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China"},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling and Analysis in Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kingdom, B., Liemberger, R., and Marin, P. (2006). The Challenge of Reducing Non-revenue Water (NRW) in Developing Countries, The World Bank."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Malmqvist, P.A., Heinecke, G., Karrman, E., and Stenstrom, T.A. (2006). Urban water in context. Strategic Planning of Sustainable Urban Water Management, IWA Publishing."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jup.2006.10.001","article-title":"Strategic planning for water utilities in developing countries","volume":"15","author":"Mugabi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Util. Policy"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/1573062X.2014.988733","article-title":"Water distribution systems flow monitoring and anomalous event detection: A practical approach","volume":"13","author":"Loureiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urban Water J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3947","DOI":"10.1007\/s11269-011-9896-9","article-title":"Multicriteria decision analysis: A strategic planning tool for water loss management","volume":"25","author":"Mutikanga","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water Resour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2007.06.008","article-title":"Group decision making for leakage management strategy of water network","volume":"52","author":"Morais","year":"2007","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4075","DOI":"10.1007\/s11269-010-9648-2","article-title":"A multicriteria group decision model to support watershed committees in Brazil","volume":"24","author":"Silva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Resour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.2166\/aqua.2010.071","article-title":"Multicriteria decision analysis for the selection of a small drinking water system","volume":"59","author":"Bouchard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Suppl. Res. Technol. AQUA"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s11269-010-9713-x","article-title":"Fuzzy TOPSIS multicriteria decision analysis applied to Karun reservoir system","volume":"25","author":"Afshar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water Resour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.2166\/washdev.2016.123","article-title":"Utilizing analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for decision making in water loss management of intermittent water supply systems","volume":"6","author":"Shaher","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Water Sanit. Hyg. Dev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","article-title":"Fuzzy sets","volume":"8","author":"Zadeh","year":"1965","journal-title":"Inf. Control."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(86)80034-3","article-title":"Intuitionistic fuzzy sets","volume":"20","author":"Atanassov","year":"1986","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yager, R.R. (2013, January 24\u201328). Pythagorean fuzzy subsets. Proceedings of the 2013 Joint IFSA World Congress and NAFIPS Annual Meeting (IFSA\/NAFIPS), Edmonton, AB, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/IFSA-NAFIPS.2013.6608375"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1002\/int.21584","article-title":"Pythagorean membership grades, complex numbers, and decision making","volume":"28","author":"Yager","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2013.2278989","article-title":"Pythagorean membership grades in multi-criteria decision making","volume":"22","author":"Yager","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2011.01.003","article-title":"A note on soft sets, rough soft sets and fuzzy soft sets","volume":"11","author":"Ali","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3465","DOI":"10.1007\/s11269-011-9866-2","article-title":"A GIS-based spatial multi-criteria approach for flood risk management in the Dongting Lake Region, Hunan, Central China","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water Resour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"410","article-title":"Single valued neutrosophic sets","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Multispace Multistruct."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1615\/Int.J.UncertaintyQuantification.2018020471","article-title":"Cubic intuitionistic fuzzy aggregation operators","volume":"8","author":"Kaur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Uncertain. Quantif."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1007\/s40314-016-0402-0","article-title":"TOPSIS method based on the connection number of set pair analysis under interval- valued intuitionistic fuzzy set environment","volume":"37","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Appl. Math."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1002\/int.21738","article-title":"Some results for Pythagorean fuzzy sets","volume":"30","author":"Peng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"224","article-title":"Pythagorean Fuzzy Soft Set and Its Application","volume":"41","author":"Peng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Eng."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5417","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-190550","article-title":"Linear Diophantine fuzzy set and its applications towards multi-attribute decision making problems","volume":"37","author":"Riaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riaz, M., and Tehrim, S.T. (2020). Cubic bipolar fuzzy set with application to multi-criteria group decision making using geometric aggregation operators. Soft Comput.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-020-04927-3"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riaz, M., and Tehrim, S.T. (2020). A Robust Extension of VIKOR Method for Bipolar Fuzzy Sets using Connection Numbers of SPA Theory Based Metric Spaces. Artif. Intell. Rev.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-020-09859-w"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.31181\/dmame2003001s","article-title":"A rough set approach for forecasting models","volume":"3","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Decis. Mak. Appl. Manag. Eng."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.31181\/dmame2003134p","article-title":"A hybridized IT2FS-DEMATEL-AHP-TOPSIS multicriteria decision making approach: Case study of selection and evaluation of criteria for determination of air traffic control radar position","volume":"3","author":"Petrovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Decis. Mak. Appl. Manag. Eng."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2016.2604005","article-title":"Generalized Orthopair Fuzzy sets","volume":"25","author":"Yager","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1002\/int.21880","article-title":"Pythagorean fuzzy information measures and their applications","volume":"32","author":"Peng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1002\/int.22007","article-title":"Another view on q\u00b4-Rung orthopair fuzzy sets","volume":"33","author":"Ali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, J., Li, S., Ma, S., and Wang, X. (2014). m-Polar Fuzzy Sets: An Extension of Bipolar Fuzzy Sets. Sci. World J.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/416530"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"63","article-title":"An extended TOPSIS method for the multiple ttribute decision making problems based on interval neutrosophic set","volume":"1","author":"Chi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neutrosophic Sets Syst."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cam.2009.11.055","article-title":"An adjustable approach to fuzzy soft set based decision making","volume":"234","author":"Feng","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Comput. Appl. Math."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-009-0465-6","article-title":"Soft sets combined with fuzzy sets and rough sets; A tentative approach","volume":"14","author":"Feng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soft Comput."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2010.11.004","article-title":"Soft sets and soft rough sets","volume":"181","author":"Feng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2018.2860967","article-title":"Another view on generalized intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets and related multi-attribute decision making methods","volume":"27","author":"Feng","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1002\/int.21860","article-title":"Generalized pythagorean fuzzy geometric aggregation operator uing Einstein t-norm and t-conorm for Multi-criteria decision making process","volume":"32","author":"Garg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/int.22048","article-title":"Generalized intuitionistic fuzzy soft power aggregation operator based on t-norm and their application in multicriteria decision-making","volume":"34","author":"Garg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1007\/s12559-018-9569-6","article-title":"Dual hesitant fuzzy soft aggregation operators and their applicatio in decision-making","volume":"10","author":"Garg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cogn. Comput."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-017-1035-8","article-title":"A nonlinear-programming methodology for multi-attribute decision-making problem with interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets information","volume":"48","author":"Garg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Intell."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2018.02.005","article-title":"Novel scaled prioritized intuitionistic fuzzy soft interaction averaging aggregation operators and their application to multi criteria decision-making","volume":"71","author":"Garg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. EAAI"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"40","article-title":"Aggregation operators, score function and accuracy function for multi criteria decision making in intuitionistic fuzzy context","volume":"20","author":"Jose","year":"2014","journal-title":"Notes Intuit. Fuzzy Sets"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1002\/int.22080","article-title":"Pythagorean fuzzy average aggregation operators based on generalized and group-generalized parameter with application in MCDM problems","volume":"34","author":"Joshi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"1","article-title":"Neutrosophic Soft Set with Applications in Decision Making","volume":"4","author":"Karaaslan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Sci. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"2259","article-title":"Some q-rung orthopair fuzzy aggregation operator and their application to multi-attribute decision making","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Zhang, H., Wu, Y., and Dong, Y. (2019). Ranking range based approach to MADM under incomplete context and its application in venture investment evaluation. Technol. Econ. Dev. Econ., in press.","DOI":"10.3846\/tede.2019.10296"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-016-2607-y","article-title":"Approaches to single-valued neutrosophic MADM based on MABAC, TOPSIS and new similarity measure with score function","volume":"29","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riaz, M., Salabun, W., Farid, H.M.A., Ali, N., and Watr\u00f3bski, J. (2020). A robust q-rung orthopair fuzzy information aggregation using Einstein operations with application to sustainable energy planning decision management. Energies, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/en13092155"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riaz, M., Pamucar, D., Farid, H.M.A., and Hashmi, M.R. (2020). q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Prioritized Aggregation Operators and Their Application Towards Green Supplier Chain Management. Symmetry, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12060976"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riaz, M., Karaaslan, F., Farid, H.M.A., and Hashmi, M.R. (2020). Some q-rung orthopair fuzzy hybrid aggregation operators and TOPSIS method for multi-attribute decision-making. J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst.","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-192114"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riaz, M., Farid, H.M.A., Kalsoom, H., Pamucar, D., and Chu, Y.M. (2020). A Robust q-rung orthopair fuzzy Einstein prioritized aggregation operators with application towards MCGDM. Symmetry, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12061058"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2006.890678","article-title":"Intuitionistic fuzzy aggregation operators","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, Z.S., and Cai, X.Q. (2012). Intuitionistic Fuzzy Information Aggregation: Theory and Applications, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-29584-3"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, Z.S. (2014). Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing: Hesitant Fuzzy Sets Theory, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-04711-9"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1109\/21.87068","article-title":"On ordered weighted averaging aggregation operators in multi-criteria decision making","volume":"18","author":"Yager","year":"1988","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1260\/1748-3018.8.2.179","article-title":"Interval-valued hesitant fuzzy prioritized weighted aggregation operators for multi attribute decision- making","volume":"8","author":"Ye","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Algorithms Comput. Technol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye, J. (2017). Linguistic neutrosophic cubic numbers and their multiple attribute decision-making method. Information, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/info8030110"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.3233\/IFS-141455","article-title":"A new rough set theory: Rough soft hemirings","volume":"28","author":"Zhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhan, J., and Alcantud, J.C.R. (2018). A novel type of soft rough covering and its application to multi-criteria group decision-making. Artif. Intell. Rev.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-018-9617-3"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-018-0828-3","article-title":"Fuzzy soft \u03b2-covering based fuzzy rough sets and corresponding decision-making applications","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mach. Learn. Cybern."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-018-3470-9","article-title":"Novel classes of fuzzy soft \u03b2-coverings-based fuzzy rough sets with applications to multi-criteria fuzzy group decision-making","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soft Comput."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2018.11.033","article-title":"Covering-based generalized IF rough sets with applications to multi-attribute decision-making","volume":"478","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/12\/8\/1236\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:52:04Z","timestamp":1760176324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/12\/8\/1236"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["sym12081236"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym12081236","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-8994"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]]}}}