{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:06:10Z","timestamp":1760238370178,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]],"date-time":"2020-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the major project for National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["No. 91846301, No. 71991461 and No. 71991465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 91846301, No. 71991461 and No. 71991465"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 71901226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 71901226"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Province Soft Science Research Project","award":["No. 2019A101002074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2019A101002074"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Confronted with the increasingly serious water pollution in China, companies are implementing scientific measures to strive for sustainable drinking water source regions (DWSRs). The challenge lies in how to evaluate available DWSRs. Considering the complexity and uncertainty existing in the evaluation process, we deem this process a complicated multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) problem. It involves fuzzy decision information, prioritized relationships among different criteria, and distinctively allocated weights of decision makers regarding different alternatives. By utilizing the asymmetrical weak probabilistic hesitant fuzzy elements (P-HFES) to depict fuzzy data, this paper leads a direction to investigating a data-driven MCGDM approach and its application to evaluate available DWSRs. First, considering the common sense that criteria are not always given symmetrical priority, we propose a series of aggregation operators for integrating weak P-HFEs by including the prioritized relationship of criteria. Moreover, the importance weights of criteria and decision makers are objectively determined through a priority-based basic unit interval and monotonic (P-BUM) function and some novel distance measures, respectively. Finally, an evaluation approach is established. It aims to handle MCGDM problems with incomplete weight information regarding the criteria and decision makers in weak probabilistic hesitant fuzzy circumstance. Practically, focusing on evaluating three DWSRs, a realistic example of application is furnished to verify the feasibility of the proposed approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12081303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]],"date-time":"2020-08-04T10:45:17Z","timestamp":1596537917000},"page":"1303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Towards a Hybrid Evaluation Approach to Chinese Sustainable Drinking Water Source Regions within an Uncertain Decision Environment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xueyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Big Data Intelligent Management and Decision, College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Big Data Intelligent Management and Decision, College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"},{"name":"Institute of Big Data and Internet Innovation, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Big Data Intelligent Management and Decision, College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2407-5985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Logistics and Transportation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410083, China"}]},{"given":"Jianqiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.121410","article-title":"Evaluation on the integrated water resources management in China\u2019s major cities\u2014Based on City Blueprint\u00ae Approach","volume":"262","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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