{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T02:46:58Z","timestamp":1761965218029,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]],"date-time":"2020-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H2020-ERC-2014-CoG \"MaGRaTh\" 646597"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2020-ERC-2014-CoG \"MaGRaTh\" 646597"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000271","name":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ST\/P000673\/1","ST\/P002307\/1","ST\/R002452\/1","ST\/R00689X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ST\/P000673\/1","ST\/P002307\/1","ST\/R002452\/1","ST\/R00689X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000271","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000921","name":"European Cooperation in Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA16104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA16104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000275","name":"Leverhulme Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RPG-2019-350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RPG-2019-350"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PHY-090003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PHY-090003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/P020232\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/P020232\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We compute families of spherically symmetric neutron-star models in two-derivative scalar-tensor theories of gravity with a massive scalar field. The numerical approach we present allows us to compute the resulting spacetimes out to infinite radius using a relaxation algorithm on a compactified grid. We discuss the structure of the weakly and strongly scalarized branches of neutron-star models thus obtained and their dependence on the linear and quadratic coupling parameters \u03b10, \u03b20 between the scalar and tensor sectors of the theory, as well as the scalar mass \u03bc. For highly negative values of \u03b20, we encounter configurations resembling a \u201cgravitational atom\u201d, consisting of a highly compact baryon star surrounded by a scalar cloud. A stability analysis based on binding-energy calculations suggests that these configurations are unstable and we expect them to migrate to models with radially decreasing baryon density and scalar field strength.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12091384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]],"date-time":"2020-08-19T21:37:40Z","timestamp":1597873060000},"page":"1384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Structure of Neutron Stars in Massive Scalar-Tensor Gravity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5666-1033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roxana","family":"Rosca-Mead","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2527-0213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy &amp; Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3134-7088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrich","family":"Sperhake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK"},{"name":"TAPIR 350-17, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9072-1121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michalis","family":"Agathos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK"},{"name":"Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0933-3579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Gerosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy &amp; Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.12942\/lrr-2014-4","article-title":"The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment","volume":"17","author":"Will","year":"2014","journal-title":"Living Rev. Rel."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"061102","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.116.061102","article-title":"Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger","volume":"116","author":"Abbott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221101","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.116.221101","article-title":"Tests of general relativity with GW150914","volume":"116","author":"Abbott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L13","DOI":"10.3847\/2041-8213\/aa920c","article-title":"Gravitational Waves and Gamma-rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A","volume":"848","author":"Abbott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Astrophys. J. Lett."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"011102","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.123.011102","article-title":"Tests of General Relativity with GW170817","volume":"123","author":"Abbott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"104036","article-title":"Tests of General Relativity with the Binary Black Hole Signals from the LIGO-Virgo Catalog GWTC-1","volume":"D100","author":"Abbott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"084002","article-title":"Theoretical Physics Implications of the Binary Black-Hole Mergers GW150914 and GW151226","volume":"D94","author":"Yunes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2012.01.001","article-title":"Modified Gravity and Cosmology","volume":"513","author":"Clifton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Rept."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243001","DOI":"10.1088\/0264-9381\/32\/24\/243001","article-title":"Testing General Relativity with Present and Future Astrophysical Observations","volume":"32","author":"Berti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Class. Quant. Grav."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143001","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6382\/ab0587","article-title":"Black holes, gravitational waves and fundamental physics: A roadmap","volume":"36","author":"Barack","year":"2019","journal-title":"Class. Quant. Grav."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olmo, G.J., Rubiera-Garcia, D., and Wojnar, A. (2019). Stellar structure models in modified theories of gravity: Lessons and challenges. arXiv.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2020.07.001"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930016","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218271819300167","article-title":"Extended Gravity Cosmography","volume":"D28","author":"Capozziello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1051\/eas\/0936016","article-title":"Review of Observational Evidence for Dark Matter in the Universe and in upcoming searches for Dark Stars","volume":"36","author":"Freese","year":"2009","journal-title":"EAS Publ. Ser."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Novosyadlyj, B., Pelykh, V., Shtanov, Y., and Zhuk, A. (2013). Dark Energy: Observational Evidence and Theoretical Models, Academperiodyka."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamber, H.W. (2009). Quantum Gravitation: The Feynman Path Integral Approach, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-85293-3"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e034","DOI":"10.1017\/pasa.2015.35","article-title":"Gravitational Waves from Neutron Stars: A Review","volume":"32","author":"Lasky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Publ. Astron. Soc. Austral."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-astro-081915-023322","article-title":"Masses, Radii, and the Equation of State of Neutron Stars","volume":"54","author":"Freire","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.70.2220","article-title":"Nonperturbative strong field effects in tensor\u2013scalar theories of gravitation","volume":"70","author":"Damour","year":"1993","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1474","article-title":"Tensor\u2013scalar gravity and binary pulsar experiments","volume":"D54","author":"Damour","year":"1996","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"4802","article-title":"Neutron stars in scalar tensor theories of gravity and catastrophe theory","volume":"D57","author":"Harada","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"064005","article-title":"Spontaneous Scalarization with Massive Fields","volume":"D93","author":"Pretorius","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00668828","article-title":"Comments on the scalar tensor theory","volume":"1","author":"Bergmann","year":"1968","journal-title":"Int. J. Theor. Phys."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"3209","article-title":"Scalar tensor theory and gravitational waves","volume":"D1","author":"Wagoner","year":"1970","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"124022","article-title":"Spontaneous scalarization in generalised scalar-tensor theory","volume":"D99","author":"Andreou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ventagli, G., Leh\u00e9bel, A., and Sotiriou, T.P. (2020). The onset of spontaneous scalarization in generalised scalar-tensor theories. arXiv.","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.102.024050"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131104","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.120.131104","article-title":"Spontaneous scalarization of black holes and compact stars from a Gauss-Bonnet coupling","volume":"120","author":"Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131103","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.120.131103","article-title":"New Gauss-Bonnet Black Holes with Curvature-Induced Scalarization in Extended Scalar-Tensor Theories","volume":"120","author":"Doneva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"124043","article-title":"Black holes in Einstein-aether and Horava-Lifshitz gravity","volume":"D83","author":"Barausse","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"064009","article-title":"Spontaneous growth of vector fields in gravity","volume":"D96","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"044038","article-title":"Electromagnetism and hidden vector fields in modified gravity theories: Spontaneous and induced vectorization","volume":"D99","author":"Annulli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"084015","article-title":"Spontaneous tensorization from curvature coupling and beyond","volume":"D99","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"124036","article-title":"Slowly Rotating Relativistic Stars in Scalar-Tensor Gravity","volume":"D86","author":"Sotani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"024025","article-title":"Slowly rotating neutron stars in scalar-tensor theories","volume":"D90","author":"Pani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145008","DOI":"10.1088\/0264-9381\/32\/14\/145008","article-title":"Slowly rotating anisotropic neutron stars in general relativity and scalar\u2013tensor theory","volume":"32","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Class. Quant. Grav."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"084038","article-title":"Slowly rotating neutron stars in scalar-tensor theories with a massive scalar field","volume":"D93","author":"Yazadjiev","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"064046","article-title":"Scalarization of neutron stars with realistic equations of state","volume":"D96","author":"Kleihaus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1140\/epjc\/s10052-018-6064-x","article-title":"Static and slowly rotating neutron stars in scalar\u2013tensor theory with self-interacting massive scalar field","volume":"C78","author":"Staykov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"084060","article-title":"Rapidly rotating neutron stars in scalar-tensor theories of gravity","volume":"D88","author":"Doneva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"104021","article-title":"Universal I-Q relations for rapidly rotating neutron and strange stars in scalar-tensor theories","volume":"D90","author":"Doneva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"104039","article-title":"Differentially rotating neutron stars in scalar-tensor theories of gravity","volume":"D98","author":"Doneva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"044032","article-title":"Maximum mass limit of neutron stars in scalar-tensor gravity","volume":"D95","author":"Sotani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"013","DOI":"10.1088\/1475-7516\/2019\/03\/013","article-title":"Ferromagnetic Neutron Stars in Scalar-Tensor Theories of Gravity","volume":"1903","author":"Rezaei","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCAP"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165003","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6382\/ab2eda","article-title":"Scalar charges and scaling relations in massless scalar\u2013tensor theories","volume":"36","author":"Anderson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Class. Quant. Grav."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"084026","article-title":"Spontaneous scalarization with an extremely massive field and heavy neutron stars","volume":"D96","author":"Morisaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"124034","article-title":"Compactness of neutron stars and Tolman VII solutions in scalar-tensor gravity","volume":"D97","author":"Sotani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1143\/PTP.100.291","article-title":"A Maximum mass-to-size ratio in scalar tensor theories of gravity","volume":"100","author":"Tsuchida","year":"1998","journal-title":"Prog. Theor. Phys."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L44","DOI":"10.3847\/2041-8213\/ab960f","article-title":"GW190814: Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a 23 Solar Mass Black Hole with a 2.6 Solar Mass Compact Object","volume":"896","author":"Abbott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"064019","article-title":"Neutron star transition to strong scalar field state in tensor scalar gravity","volume":"D58","author":"Novak","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"044053","article-title":"Instability of nonminimally coupled scalar fields in the spacetime of slowly rotating compact objects","volume":"D90","author":"Mendes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"064024","article-title":"Possibility of setting a new constraint to scalar-tensor theories","volume":"D91","author":"Mendes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"124035","article-title":"Highly compact neutron stars in scalar-tensor theories of gravity: Spontaneous scalarization versus gravitational collapse","volume":"D93","author":"Mendes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"044009","article-title":"Constraining scalar-tensor theories of gravity from the most massive neutron stars","volume":"D93","author":"Palenzuela","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01997","article-title":"A test of general relativity using radio links with the Cassini spacecraft","volume":"425","author":"Bertotti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1142\/S021827180901500X","article-title":"Lunar laser ranging tests of the equivalence principle with the earth and moon","volume":"D18","author":"Williams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wex, N. (2014). Testing Relativistic Gravity with Radio Pulsars. arXiv.","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110345667.39"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"4789","article-title":"Spherical neutron star collapse in tensor\u2013scalar theory of gravity","volume":"D57","author":"Novak","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1086\/308627","article-title":"Gravitational waves from the collapse and bounce of a stellar core in tensor scalar gravity","volume":"533","author":"Novak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135002","DOI":"10.1088\/0264-9381\/33\/13\/135002","article-title":"Numerical simulations of stellar collapse in scalar-tensor theories of gravity","volume":"33","author":"Gerosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Class. Quant. Grav."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"081506","article-title":"Neutron-star mergers in scalar-tensor theories of gravity","volume":"D87","author":"Barausse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"044024","article-title":"Dynamical scalarization of neutron stars in scalar-tensor gravity theories","volume":"D89","author":"Palenzuela","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"084005","article-title":"Coalescence of binary neutron stars in a scalar-tensor theory of gravity","volume":"D89","author":"Shibata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"124016","article-title":"Spontaneous scalarization: Asymmetron as dark matter","volume":"D92","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"019","DOI":"10.1088\/1475-7516\/2016\/11\/019","article-title":"Rapidly rotating neutron stars with a massive scalar field\u2014structure and universal relations","volume":"1611","author":"Doneva","year":"2016","journal-title":"JCAP"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201103","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.119.201103","article-title":"Long-lived inverse chirp signals from core collapse in massive scalar-tensor gravity","volume":"119","author":"Sperhake","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosca-Mead, R., Sperhake, U., Moore, C.J., Agathos, M., Gerosa, D., and Ott, C.D. (2020). Core collapse in massive scalar-tensor gravity. arXiv.","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.102.044010"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geng, C.Q., Kuan, H.J., and Luo, L.W. (2020). Inverse-Chirp Imprint of Gravitational Wave Signals in Scalar Tensor Theory. arXiv.","DOI":"10.1140\/epjc\/s10052-020-8359-y"},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"024027","article-title":"Numerical studies on core collapse supernova in self-interacting massive scalar-tensor gravity","volume":"D100","author":"Cheong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134003","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6382\/ab256f","article-title":"Inverse-chirp signals and spontaneous scalarisation with self-interacting potentials in stellar collapse","volume":"36","author":"Moore","year":"2019","journal-title":"Class. Quant. Grav."},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"Fujii, Y., and Maeda, K. (2007). The Scalar-Tensor Theory of Gravitation, Cambridge University Press. Cambridge Monographs on Mathematical Physics."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4719","DOI":"10.1088\/0264-9381\/23\/14\/010","article-title":"The Cauchy problem of scalar tensor theories of gravity","volume":"23","author":"Salgado","year":"2006","journal-title":"Class. Quant. Grav."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026645510351","article-title":"Einstein frame or Jordan frame?","volume":"38","author":"Faraoni","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Theor. Phys."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"104010","article-title":"Hyperbolicity of scalar-tensor theories of gravity","volume":"D77","author":"Salgado","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115001","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6382\/ab86fb","article-title":"Viable Constraint on Scalar Field in Scalar-Tensor Theory","volume":"37","author":"Geng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Class. Quant. Grav."},{"key":"ref_74","unstructured":"Press, W.H., Teukolsky, S.A., Flannery, B.P., and Vetterling, W.T. (1992). Numerical Recipes in C (2nd ed.): The Art of Scientific Computing, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shapiro, S.L., and Teukolsky, S.A. (1983). Black Holes, White Dwarfs, and Neutron Stars, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527617661"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1007\/s10714-008-0661-1","article-title":"The Dynamics of general relativity","volume":"40","author":"Arnowitt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gen. Rel. Grav."},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"044045","article-title":"Interaction between bosonic dark matter and stars","volume":"D93","author":"Brito","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"006","DOI":"10.1088\/1475-7516\/2019\/12\/006","article-title":"The Spectra of Gravitational Atoms","volume":"1912","author":"Baumann","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCAP"},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"1804","article-title":"The Equation of state of nucleon matter and neutron star structure","volume":"C58","author":"Akmal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"124033","article-title":"Measuring the neutron star equation of state with gravitational wave observations","volume":"D79","author":"Read","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/12\/9\/1384\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:02:56Z","timestamp":1760176976000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/12\/9\/1384"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["sym12091384"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym12091384","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-8994"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]]}}}