{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:12:45Z","timestamp":1760238765958,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]],"date-time":"2020-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Assuming a symmetric pattern plays a fundamental role in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of facial asymmetry, for reconstructive craniofacial surgery, knowing the precise location of the facial midline is important since for most reconstructive procedures the intact side of the face serves as a template for the malformed side. However, the location of the midline is still a subjective procedure, despite its importance. This study aimed to automatically locate the bilateral symmetry midline of the facial skeleton based on an invariant moment technique using pseudo-Zernike moments. A total of 367 skull images were evaluated using the proposed technique. The technique was found to be reliable and provided good accuracy in the symmetry planes. This new technique will be utilized for subsequent studies to evaluate diverse craniofacial reconstruction techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12091448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]],"date-time":"2020-09-03T11:22:43Z","timestamp":1599132163000},"page":"1448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Application of a Novel Automatic Method for Determining the Bilateral Symmetry Midline of the Facial Skeleton Based on Invariant Moments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7486-8118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Dalvit Carvalho da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Craniofacial Injury and Concussion Research Laboratory, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Richard Jenkyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Craniofacial Injury and Concussion Research Laboratory, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"},{"name":"School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"},{"name":"Wolf Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Alexander Carranza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Craniofacial Injury and Concussion Research Laboratory, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Collaborative Specialization in Musculoskeletal Health Research, and Bone and Joint Institue, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1424","article-title":"Threedimensional analysis of craniofacial asymmetry and integrated, modular organization of human head","volume":"101","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. 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