{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:15:09Z","timestamp":1760238909374,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]],"date-time":"2020-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"deanship of scientific research","award":["KEP 19\u2010611\u201038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KEP 19\u2010611\u201038"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is a significant need for a computer-aided modeling, effective information analysis and ontology knowledge base models to support both special needs children and care providers. As this research work correlated to the symmetry scope, it proposes an innovative generic smart knowledge-based \u201cSchool Care Coordination System\u201d (SCCS), which is established on a novel holistic six-layered data management model. The development of the Smart-SCCS adopts a methodology of ontology engineering to transform the given theoretical unstructured special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) code of practice into a comprehensive knowledge representation and reasoning system. The intended purpose is to deliver a system that can coordinate and bring together education, health and social care services into a single application to meet the needs of children and young people (CYP) with SEND. Moreover, it enables coordination, integration and monitoring of education, health and social care activities between different actors (formal, informal and CYP in the education sector) involved in the school care process network to provide personalized care interventions based on a predefined care plan. The developed ontology knowledge-based model has been proven efficient and solved the enormous difficulties faced by schools and local authorities on a daily basis. It enabled the coordination of care and integration of information for CYP from different departments in health, social care and education. The developed model has received significant attention with great feedback from all the schools and the local authorities involved, showing its efficiency and robustness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12091495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]],"date-time":"2020-09-11T09:05:16Z","timestamp":1599815116000},"page":"1495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An Effective Knowledge-Based Modeling Approach towards a \u201cSmart-School Care Coordination System\u201d for Children and Young People with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Rasha","family":"Hafidh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, Computing and Engineering, ACE, UEL, University Way, London E16 2RD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4008-8049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mhd Saeed","family":"Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, Computing and Engineering, ACE, UEL, University Way, London E16 2RD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8062-1258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali H.","family":"Al-Bayatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Informatics, CEM, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1772-2782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed S.","family":"Alfakeeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing &amp; Information Technology, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9919-8368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madini O.","family":"Alassafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing &amp; Information Technology, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed A.","family":"Alqarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Hewitt, H. (2011). The Changing Face of SEN: 140 Years of Provision. SEN Mag., Available online: https:\/\/senmagazine.co.uk\/articles\/articles\/senarticles\/the-changing-face-of-sen-140-years-of-provision."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Cochrane, H. (2016). Exploring Perceptions and Experiences of the Education, Health and Care Process. [Ph.D. Thesis, School of Education, University of Birmingham]. Available online: https:\/\/etheses.bham.ac.uk\/\/id\/eprint\/7020\/1\/Cochrane16ApEd%26ChildPsyD_vol_1_Redacted.pdf."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Poulter, D., and Timpson, E. (2020, April 10). 0 to 25 SEND Code of Practice: A Guide for Health Professionals, Advice for Clinical Commissioning Groups, Health Professionals and Local Authorities. 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