{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T09:37:44Z","timestamp":1775554664664,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institutional research of Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications\u2014University of Zilina","award":["11\/PEDAS\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11\/PEDAS\/2019"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund in the Research Centre of Advanced Mechatronic Systems","award":["CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/16019\/0000867"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/16019\/0000867"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Quality of service (QoS) and quality of experience (QoE) are two major concepts for the quality evaluation of video services. QoS analyzes the technical performance of a network transmission chain (e.g., utilization or packet loss rate). On the other hand, subjective evaluation (QoE) relies on the observer\u2019s opinion, so it cannot provide output in a form of score immediately (extensive time requirements). Although several well-known methods for objective evaluation exist (trying to adopt psychological principles of the human visual system via mathematical models), each of them has its own rating scale without an existing symmetric conversion to a standardized subjective output like MOS (mean opinion score), typically represented by a five-point rating scale. This makes it difficult for network operators to recognize when they have to apply resource reservation control mechanisms. For this reason, we propose an application (classifier) that derivates the subjective end-user quality perception based on a score of objective assessment and selected parameters of each video sequence. Our model integrates the unique benefits of unsupervised learning and clustering techniques such as overfitting avoidance or small dataset requirements. In fact, most of the published papers are based on regression models or supervised clustering. In this article, we also investigate the possibility of a graphical SOM (self-organizing map) representation called a U-matrix as a feature selection method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12091535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T10:22:23Z","timestamp":1600424543000},"page":"1535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Predicting Perceptual Quality in Internet Television Based on Unsupervised Learning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6065-3087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaroslav","family":"Frnda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Methods and Economic Informatics, Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7459-2043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Nedoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB\u2014Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 15, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2054-143X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radek","family":"Martinek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, VSB\u2014Technical University of Ostrava, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7047-7272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Fridrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB\u2014Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 15, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frnda, J., Voznak, M., Fazio, P., and Rozhon, J. (2015, January 9\u201311). Network Performance QoS Estimation. Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP), Prague, Czech Republic.","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2015.7296443"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frnda, J., Nedoma, J., Vanus, J., and Martinek, R. (2019). A Hybrid QoS-QoE Estimation System for IPTV Service. 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