{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T21:55:22Z","timestamp":1791064522547,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":169,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the evolution of the fifth-generation (5G) wireless network, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become a revolutionary technique that enables a diverse number of features and applications. It can able a diverse amount of devices to be connected in order to create a single communication architecture. As it has significantly expanded in recent years, it is fundamental to study this trending technology in detail and take a close look at its applications in the different domains. It represents an enabler of new communication possibilities between people and things. The main asset of this concept is its significant influence through the creation of a new world dimension. The key features required for employing a large-scale IoT are low-cost sensors, high-speed and error-tolerant data communications, smart computations, and numerous applications. This research work is presented in four main sections, including a general overview of IoT technology, a summary of previous correlated surveys, a review regarding the main IoT applications, and a section on the challenges of IoT. The purpose of this study is to fully cover the applications of IoT, including healthcare, environmental, commercial, industrial, smart cities, and infrastructural applications. This work explains the concept of IoT and defines and summarizes its main technologies and uses, offering a next-generation protocol as a solution to the challenges. IoT challenges were investigated to enhance research and development in the fields. The contribution and weaknesses of each research work cited are covered, highlighting eventual possible research questions and open matters for IoT applications to ensure a full analysis coverage of the discussed papers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12101674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]],"date-time":"2020-10-17T07:23:22Z","timestamp":1602919402000},"page":"1674","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":258,"title":["Internet of Things and Its Applications: A Comprehensive Survey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1348-5804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosilah","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cyber Security, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0390-7842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faizan","family":"Qamar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5511-0205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Kamrul","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cyber Security, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7337-6736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azana Hafizah Mohd","family":"Aman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cyber Security, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1236-1893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amjed Sid","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computing Department, Engineering Faculty, Global College of Engineering and Technology, P.O. Box 2546, CPO Ruwi 112, Sultanate of Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holma, H., Toskala, A., and Nakamura, T. (2020). 5G Technology: 3GPP New Radio, John Wiley & Sons.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119236306"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Faizan, Q. (2019). Enhancing QOS Performance of the 5G Network by Characterizing Mm-Wave Channel and Optimizing Interference Cancellation Scheme\/Faizan Qamar. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Malaya]."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.1900346","article-title":"Integrated Access and Backhaul in 5G mmWave Networks: Potential and Challenges","volume":"58","author":"Polese","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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