{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T21:07:09Z","timestamp":1762376829480,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]],"date-time":"2020-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HD 069374"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD 069374"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C06 RR 014516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C06 RR 014516"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Structural asymmetries in language-related brain regions have long been hypothesized to underlie hemispheric language laterality and variability in language functions. These structural asymmetries have been examined using voxel-level, gross volumetric, and surface area measures of gray matter and white matter. Here we used deformation-based and persistent homology approaches to characterize the three-dimensional topology of brain structure asymmetries within language-related areas that were defined in functional neuroimaging experiments. Persistence diagrams representing the range of values for each spatially unique structural asymmetry were collected within language-related regions of interest across 212 children (mean age (years) = 10.56, range 6.39\u201316.92; 39% female). These topological data exhibited both leftward and rightward asymmetries within the same language-related regions. Permutation testing demonstrated that age and sex effects were most consistent and pronounced in the superior temporal sulcus, where older children and males had more rightward asymmetries. While, consistent with previous findings, these associations exhibited small effect sizes that were observable because of the relatively large sample. In addition, the density of rightward asymmetry structures in nearly all language-related regions was consistently higher than the density of leftward asymmetric structures. These findings guide the prediction that the topological pattern of structural asymmetries in language-related regions underlies the organization of language.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12111809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]],"date-time":"2020-10-31T21:39:56Z","timestamp":1604180396000},"page":"1809","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Topology of Pediatric Structural Asymmetries in Language-Related Cortex"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Eckert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hearing Research Program, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Iuricich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Visual Computing Division, School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Vaden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hearing Research Program, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA"}]},{"given":"Brittany","family":"Glaze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hearing Research Program, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA"}]},{"name":"Dyslexia Data Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.02.045","article-title":"Ontogenesis of lateralization","volume":"94","author":"Gunturkun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2020.101823","article-title":"Unmasking the relevance of hemispheric asymmetries-Break on through (to the other side)","volume":"192","author":"Esteves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. 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