{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T16:28:25Z","timestamp":1776443305476,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The digitisation of architectural heritage has experienced a great development of low-cost and high-definition data capture technologies, thus enabling the accurate and effective modelling of complex heritage assets. Accordingly, research has identified the best methods to survey historic buildings, but the suitability of Structure-from-Motion\/Multi-view-Stereo (SfM\/MVS) for interior square symmetrical architectural spaces is unexplored. In contrast to the traditional SfM surveying for which the camera surrounds the object, the photograph collection approach is divergent in courtyards. This paper evaluates the accuracy of SfM point clouds against Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) for these large architectural spaces with a symmetrical configuration, with the main courtyard of Casa de Pilatos in Seville, Spain, as a case study. Two different SfM surveys were conducted: (1) Without control points, and (2) referenced using a total station. The first survey yielded unacceptable results: A standard deviation of 0.0576 m was achieved in the northwest sector of the case study, mainly because of the difficulty of aligning the SfM and TLS data due to the way they are produced. This value could be admissible depending on the purpose of the photogrammetric model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12121981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T20:10:22Z","timestamp":1606767022000},"page":"1981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Suitability Study of Structure-from-Motion for the Digitisation of Architectural (Heritage) Spaces to Apply Divergent Photograph Collection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2186-6159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Moyano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Graphical Expression and Building Engineering, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1413-3811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan E.","family":"Nieto-Juli\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Graphical Expression and Building Engineering, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4267-2433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Ant\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Graphical Expression and Building Engineering, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain"},{"name":"The Creative and Virtual Technologies Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2743-5576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design, University of C\u00e1diz, 11519 C\u00e1diz, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0716-8589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Bienvenido-Huertas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Graphical Expression and Building Engineering, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazareth","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Graphical Expression and Building Engineering, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.3390\/rs3061104","article-title":"Heritage recording and 3D modeling with photogrammetry and 3D scanning","volume":"3","author":"Remondino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poux, F., Neuville, R., Van Wersch, L., Nys, G.-A., Billen, R., Poux, F., Neuville, R., Van Wersch, L., Nys, G.-A., and Billen, R. 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