{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T07:37:35Z","timestamp":1771486655618,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]],"date-time":"2020-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Every country\u2019s influence and livelihood is centered on that country\u2019s water source. Therefore, many studies are being conducted worldwide to improve and sustain water resources. In this research paper, we have selected and researched the water scheme for groundwater recharge and drinking water supply of drought prone areas. The water project is aimed at connecting the drought prone areas of the three districts of Tamil Nadu to filling up the ponds in their respective villages and raising the ground water level and meeting the drinking water requirement. We have chosen a multi-criteria decision method to select the best alternative in a complex situation. When reviewing the implementation of this water project, many experts and people who will benefit from this project may have some hesitation and ambiguity in their suggestion on choosing the best water distribution system.We believe that the benefits of this project can be fully availed of if we choose a water distribution system. Our contribution in this article is to choose the best water distribution system for this project by use of our proposed multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods, hesitant fuzzy standard deviation with multi-objective optimization method by ratio analysis (HFSDV-MOORA), hesitant fuzzy standard deviation with technique, for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (HFSDV-TOPSIS) and hesitant fuzzy standard deviation with VIsekriterijumsko Kompromisno Rangiranje (HFSDV-VIKOR), which will provide the best solution for improving the water resource for the drought-prone areas of three districts. Finally, we have identified and compared the correlation coefficient between proposed methods. As a result of the study, it has been found that the best water supply system is closed concrete pipes laid along agricultural land through the rural areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12122096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]],"date-time":"2020-12-16T22:12:06Z","timestamp":1608156726000},"page":"2096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Hybrid Hesitant Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method: A Symmetric Analysis of the Selection of the Best Water Distribution System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3782-4666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samayan","family":"Narayanamoorthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veerappan","family":"Annapoorani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samayan","family":"Kalaiselvan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work, SRMV College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 641020, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daekook","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Inje University 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae-si 50834, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.04.167","article-title":"An integrated fuzzy MOORA method and FMEA technique for sustainable supplier selection considering quantity discounts and supplier\u2019s risk","volume":"190","author":"Arabsheybani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"443","article-title":"The MOORA method and its application to privatization in a transition economy","volume":"35","author":"Brauers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Control Cybern."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.5267\/j.dsl.2012.07.001","article-title":"A Fuzzy-MOORA approach for ERP system selection","volume":"1","author":"Karande","year":"2012","journal-title":"Decis. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1080\/18756891.2014.964011","article-title":"Strategic Decision Selection Using Hesitant fuzzy TOPSIS and Interval Type-2 Fuzzy AHP: A case study","volume":"7","author":"Oztaysi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hesitant Fuzzy Multi-Attribute Decision Making Based on TOPSIS With Entropy-Weighted Method","volume":"9","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Manag. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Hegde, G., Shang, J., and Qi, X. (2016). Evaluating Emergency Response Solutions for Sustainable Community Development by Using Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Group Decision Making Approaches: IVDHF-TOPSIS and IVDHF-VIKOR. Sustainability, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/su8040291"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.17858\/jmisci.53708","article-title":"A Hybrid MOORA-Fuzzy Algorithm for Special Education and Rehabilitation Center Selection","volume":"2","author":"Ozcelik","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Manag. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buyukozkan, G., and Gocer, F. (2017, January 27\u201330). An extension of MOORA approach for group decision making based on interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers in digital supply chain. Proceedings of the 2017 Joint 17th World Congress of International Fuzzy Systems Association and 9th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems (IFSA-SCIS), Otsu, Japan.","DOI":"10.1109\/IFSA-SCIS.2017.8023358"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"129","article-title":"Analysis of Project Selection by Using SDV-MOORA Approach","volume":"9","author":"Ahmed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Life Sci. J. Acta Zhengzhou Univ. Overseas Ed."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"298","article-title":"Optimization of Gas Metal Arc Welding Process Parameters Using Standard Deviation (SDV) and Multi-Objective Optimization on the Basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA)","volume":"3","author":"Achebo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Miner. Mater. Charact. Eng."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spearman correlation coefficients, differences between","volume":"12","author":"Myers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Encycl. Stat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1002\/int.21623","article-title":"TOPSIS for hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets","volume":"28","author":"Beg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2017.12.019","article-title":"An extended stochastic VIKOR model with decision maker\u2019s attitude towards risk","volume":"432","author":"Tavana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suh, Y., Park, Y., and Kang, D. (2018). Evaluating mobile services using integrated weighting approach and fuzzy VIKOR. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222312"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2012.10.002","article-title":"Extension of VIKOR method for decision making problem based on hesitant fuzzy set","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Model."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2018.12.015","article-title":"Interval-valued intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy entropy based VIKOR method for industrial robots selection","volume":"121","author":"Narayanamoorthy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Narayanamoorthy, S., Annapoorani, V., Kang, D., and Ramya, L. (2019). Sustainable Assessment for Selecting the Best Alternative of Reclaimed Water Use Under Hesitant Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making. IEEE Access.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2942207"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Narayanamoorthy, S., Ramya, L., Baleanu, D., Kureethara, J.V., and Annapoorani, V. (2019). Application of normal wiggly dual hesitant fuzzy sets to site selection for hydrogen underground storage. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2019.09.103"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130283","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2940540","article-title":"A Novel Assessment of Healthcare Waste Disposal Methods: Intuitionistic Hesitant Fuzzy MULTIMOORA Decision Making Approach","volume":"7","author":"Geetha","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Narayanamoorthy, S., Annapoorani, V., Kang, D., Baleanu, D., Jeon, J., Kureethara, J.V., and Ramya, L. (2020). A novel assessment of bio-medical waste disposal methods using integrating weighting approach and hesitant fuzzy MOOSRA. J. Clean. Prod.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.122587"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"823","article-title":"Fuzzy TOPSIS: A General View","volume":"91","author":"Nadaban","year":"2016","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2016.07.656","article-title":"Hospital Site Selection via Hesitant Fuzzy TOPSIS","volume":"49","author":"Senvar","year":"2016","journal-title":"IFAC-PapersOnLine"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2014.09.035","article-title":"Grey-based PROMETHEE II with application to evaluation of source water protection strategies","volume":"294","author":"Kuang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2019.06.043","article-title":"TOPSIS method based on a fuzzy covering approximation space: An application to biological nano-materials selection","volume":"502","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"1558","article-title":"Covering based multigranulation (I,T)-fuzzy rough set models and applications in multi-attribute group decision-making","volume":"27","author":"Zhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2014.02.118","article-title":"Fuzzy VIKOR method: A case study of the hospital service evaluation in Taiwan","volume":"271","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S228","DOI":"10.3846\/20294913.2013.880083","article-title":"An extension of the MOORA method for solving fuzzy decision making problems","volume":"19","author":"Stanujkic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Technol. Econ. Dev. Econ."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(97)00377-1","article-title":"Extensions of the TOPSIS for group decision\u2014Making under fuzzy environment","volume":"114","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1002\/int.21600","article-title":"A novel method of ranking hesitant fuzzy values for multiple attribute decision-making problems","volume":"28","author":"Farhadina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2015.05.034","article-title":"On learning of weights through preferences","volume":"321","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"529","article-title":"Hesitant fuuzy sets","volume":"25","author":"Torra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2011.01.028","article-title":"Distance and similarity measures for hesitant fuzzy sets","volume":"181","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Z., Xu, J., Jiang, X., and Zhong, L. (2018). Two MAGDM models based on hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets with possibility distributions: VIKOR and TOPSIS. Inf. Sci.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2018.09.038"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2010.09.002","article-title":"Hesitant fuzzy information aggregation in decision making","volume":"52","author":"Xia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Approx. Reason."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esr.2019.03.003","article-title":"A comprehensive review of fuzzy multi criteria decision making methodologies for energy policy making","volume":"24","author":"Kaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Strategy Rev."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moradian, M., Modanloo, V., and Aghaiee, S. (2018). Comparative analysis of multi criteria decision making techniques for material selection of brake booster valve body. J. Traffic Transp. Eng. (Engl. Ed.).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtte.2018.02.001"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(00)00060-9","article-title":"Decision of water supply line under uncertainty","volume":"34","author":"Lee","year":"2000","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2018.10.002","article-title":"The dynamics of the relationship between household decision-making and farm household income in small-scale irrigation schemes in southern Africa","volume":"213","author":"Bjornlund","year":"2019","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, Q., Wang, Z., and Jiang, Q. (2009). Application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on entropy weight to project investment decision-making. Int. Conf. Manag. Serv. Sci.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMSS.2009.5301560"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2017.12.014","article-title":"A hybrid TOPSIS-agent-based framework for reducing the water demand requested by stakeholders with considering the agents\u2019 characteristics and optimization of cropping pattern","volume":"199","author":"Ghazali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2004.837275","article-title":"A hybrid power system using alternative energy facilities in Isolated Island","volume":"20","author":"Senjyu","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Energy Convers."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, G., Gao, L., Li, X., Zhou, M., Liu, Q., Ren, H., and Jiang, B. (2014). A mixed method to evaluate burden of malaria due to flooding and waterlogging in Mengcheng County, China: A Case Study. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097520"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1680\/wama.12.00054","article-title":"Rehabilitation and modernization of irrigation system","volume":"166","author":"Donaldson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(03)00020-1","article-title":"Compromise solution by MCDM methods: A comparative analysis of VIKOR and TOPSIS","volume":"156","author":"Opricovic","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, Q. (2007, January 21\u201325). A new model to evaluating the investment decision-Making of water saving irrigation project. Proceedings of the International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, Shanghai, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/WICOM.2007.987"},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Gu, H., and Xu, J. (2011). Grey relational model based on AHP weight for evaluating groundwater resources carrying capacity of irrigation district. Int. Symp. Water Resour. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2018.04.061","article-title":"Personalized restaurant recommendation method combining group correlations and customer preferences","volume":"454\u2013455","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.03.020","article-title":"Multi-criterion water quality analysis of the danube river in Serbia: A visualisation approach","volume":"79","author":"Walker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115972","article-title":"Intelligent mitigation of fouling by means of membrane vibration for algae separation: Dynamics model, comprehensive evaluation, and critical vibration frequency","volume":"182","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527836","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/527836","article-title":"An Extension of the MULTIMOORA Method for Multiple Criteria Group Decision Making Based upon Hesitant Fuzzy Sets","volume":"2014","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Math."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2013.05.011","article-title":"Hesitant fuzzy multi-attribute decision making based on TOPSIS with incomplete weight information","volume":"52","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Knowl.-Based Syst."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s10700-013-9162-0","article-title":"A VIKOR-based method for hesitant fuzzy multi-criteria decision making","volume":"12","author":"Liao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fuzzy Optim. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-010-2972-0","article-title":"Applications of the MOORA method for decision making in manufacturing environment","volume":"54","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"(2011\u20132012). Detailed Project Report on Avinashi-Athikadavu Flood Flow Canal Scheme, WRO, PWD, Government of Tamilnadu."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4639","DOI":"10.1007\/s11269-010-9683-z","article-title":"Water resources sustainability and optimal cropping pattern in farming systems; A multi-objective fractional goal programming approach","volume":"24","author":"Fasakhodi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Resour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"(2017). Athikadavu\u2014Avinashi Irrigation, Ground Water Recharge and Drinking Water Supply Scheme, Public Works and Water Resources Department, Government of TamilNadu."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"(1972). Report of Irrigation Commission 1, Ministry of Irrigation and Power."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"(2009). A Mohanakrishnan\u2019s Expert Committee Report, Government of Tamilnadu. PWD."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1007\/s11269-014-0675-2","article-title":"Assessing the impacts of climate change on hydrology of the upper reach of the Spree River: Germany","volume":"28","author":"Mukhtar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Resour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.01.324","article-title":"Developing an integrated risk management framework for agricultural water conveyance and distribution systems within fuzzy decision making approaches","volume":"627","author":"Orojloo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/12\/12\/2096\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:46:09Z","timestamp":1760179569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/12\/12\/2096"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["sym12122096"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym12122096","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-8994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]}}}