{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T18:09:57Z","timestamp":1771610997174,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]],"date-time":"2020-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005073","name":"Agency for Defense Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UD190016ED"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UD190016ED"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005073","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Current electronic warfare (EW) systems, along with the rapid development of information and communication technology, are essential elements in the modern battlefield associated with cyberspace. In this study, an efficient evaluation framework is proposed to assess the effectiveness of various types of EW systems that operate in cyberspace, which is recognized as an indispensable factor affecting modern military operations. The proposed method classifies EW systems into primary and sub-categories according to EWs\u2019 types and identifies items for the measurement of the effectiveness of each EW system by considering the characteristics of cyberspace for evaluating the damage caused by cyberattacks. A scenario with an integrated EW system incorporating two or more different types of EW equipment is appropriately provided to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed framework in cyber electromagnetic warfare. The scenario explicates an example of assessing the effectiveness of EW systems under cyberattacks. Finally, the proposed method is demonstrated sufficiently by assessing the effectiveness of the EW systems using the scenario.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12122107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T04:12:01Z","timestamp":1608523921000},"page":"2107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Method for Effectiveness Assessment of Electronic Warfare Systems in Cyberspace"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Seungcheol","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9877-8982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oh-Jin","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haengrok","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agency for Defense Development (ADD), Seoul 05771, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2665-3339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongkyoo","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bryant, W.D. 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