{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T07:33:17Z","timestamp":1778657597340,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article introduces an innovative application of Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) (Visual Basic macro language) developed in CATIA (Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Interactive Application), computer-aided manufacturing and engineering design software. Said application enables the three-dimensional (3D) representation and development to be obtained on a plane of the surfaces of cylindrical and conical elbows utilised to join two conduits, since CATIA lacks tools for the design of elements of metal fabrication. The application permits the geometric and dimensional parameters necessary for the creation and development of the analysed elbows to be introduced via a keyboard. Once these values have been entered and it has been verified that the design of the elbow is possible, then the application is programmed within the CATIA \u201cWireframe and Surface Design\u201d module to obtain the 3D representation of said elbows, and the development of their surface is projected in the CATIA \u201cDrafting\u201d module. Consequently, the incorporation of this tool into CATIA software could increase technical-design productivity by eliminating certain intermediate operations, such as symmetry, and through improving the geometry training of less skilled users.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13010033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T20:03:03Z","timestamp":1609185783000},"page":"33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Design and Development of Sheet-Metal Elbows Using Programming with Visual Basic for Applications in CATIA"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9001-1050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ignacio","family":"Rojas-Sola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Graphics, Design and Projects, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"del R\u00edo-Cidoncha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Graphics, University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Ort\u00edz-Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Graphics, University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda","family":"L\u00f3pez-Pedregal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rojas-Sola, J.I., Hern\u00e1ndez-D\u00edaz, D., Villar-Ribera, R., Hern\u00e1ndez-Abad, V., and Hern\u00e1ndez-Abad, F. (2020). Computer-Aided Sketching: Incorporating the locus to improve the three-dimensional geometric design. Symmetry, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12071181"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rojas-Sola, J.I., and De la Morena-de la Fuente, E. (2019). The Hay inclined plane in Coalbrookdale (Shropshire, England): Geometric modeling and virtual reconstruction. Symmetry, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym11040589"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rojas-Sola, J.I., Gal\u00e1n-Moral, B., and De la Morena-de la Fuente, E. (2018). Agust\u00edn de Betancourt\u2019s double-acting steam engine: Geometric modeling and virtual reconstruction. Symmetry, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym10080351"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, G., Bo, C.C., Wu, J.L., Wei, G., and Hu, F. (2018). Modeling of free-form complex curves using SG-Bezier curves with constraints of geometric continuities. Symmetry, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym10110545"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Escudero, I. (2010). Calderer\u00eda, C.I.F.P.. (In Spanish)."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/cae.20247","article-title":"Educational software to develop sheet metal with Solid Edge","volume":"17","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comput. Appl. Eng. Educ."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Romeu, M.L.G., and De Ciurana, Q. (2004, January 19\u201322). Design and manufacturing assistance tool for drawing sheet metal parts. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Cooperative Design, Visualization, and Engineering, Palma de Mallorca, Spain."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, M., Zhang, Z.X., and Zhang, J.Q. (2007, January 15\u201317). Visual inspection of industrial sheet metal part with CAD data. Proceedings of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE), Wuhan, China.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.747088"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Cavallini, B., and Puigpinos, L. (October, January 28). New technology for the manufacture of sheet metal parts directly from CAD files. Virtual modeling and rapid manufacturing advanced research in virtual and rapid prototyping. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Advanced Research and Rapid Prototyping, Leire, Portugal."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"478","article-title":"Application of CAD\/CAM technology in the development and lofting of complex sheet metal parts. International Conference on Mechatronics and Materials Processing (ICMMP 2011)","volume":"328","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neto, P. (2013, January 10\u201314). Off-line programming and simulation from CAD drawings: Robot-assisted sheet metal bending. Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Vienna, Austria.","DOI":"10.1109\/IECON.2013.6699815"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Martins, T.W., Albrecht, K., and Anderl, R. (2015, January 2\u20135). Automated import of XML-files containing optimized geometric data to 3D-CAD models of non-linear integral bifurcated sheet metal parts. Proceedings of the ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, V01AT02A016, Boston, MA, USA."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"(2020, August 21). Galileo Software. Available online: http:\/\/www.eng-pc.com\/Caldereria.htm."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"(2020, August 21). Lantek Sheet Metal Solutions. Available online: https:\/\/www.lantek.com\/es\/caldereria-cad-cam-nesting-software."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"(2020, August 21). LogiTRACE. Available online: https:\/\/logitrace.programas-gratis.net."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"(2020, August 21). LITIO 2.0. Available online: http:\/\/www.litio.si\/esp\/li2index.htm."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"(2020, August 21). Plate\u2019n\u2019Sheet. Available online: http:\/\/www.sicam-info.com\/pns.htm."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Cobos-Guti\u00e9rrez, C., Rodr\u00edguez-Dom\u00ednguez, A., and Mart\u00edn-Salinas, J. (2001). Geometr\u00eda Para Ingenieros, Tebar. (In Spanish)."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"D\u00edaz-D\u00edaz, E. (2010). Tratado de Trazados y Desarrollos de Calderer\u00eda, Marcombo. (In Spanish)."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Ross, E. (2012). VB Scripting for CATIA v5: How to Program CATIA Macros, Createspace Independent Pub."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"UNE-EN 10224:2003\/A1:2006e (2006). Non-Alloy Steel Tubes and Fittings for the Conveyance of Water and Other Aqueous Liquids\u2014Technical Delivery Conditions, UNE. (In Spanish)."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/13\/1\/33\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:46:50Z","timestamp":1760179610000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/13\/1\/33"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["sym13010033"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym13010033","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-8994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]]}}}