{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T03:21:34Z","timestamp":1780370494979,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015668","name":"Laserlab-Europe","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["654148 and  871124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["654148 and  871124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work we report the linear and non-linear IR spectral response characterization of the CO bonds of PenicillinG sodium salt in D2O and in DMSO\u2212d6 solutions. In order to better characterize the spectral IR features in the CO stretching region, broadband middle infrared pump-probe spectra are recorded. The role of hydrogen bonds in determining the inhomogeneous broadening and in tuning anharmonicity of the different types of oscillators is exploited. Narrow band pump experiments, at the three central frequencies of \u03b2\u2212lactam, amide and carboxylate CO stretching modes, identify the couplings between the different types of CO oscillators opening the possibility to gather structural dynamic information. Our results show that the strongest coupling is between the \u03b2\u2212lactam and the carboxylate CO vibrational modes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13010106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]],"date-time":"2021-01-10T23:03:42Z","timestamp":1610319822000},"page":"106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Linear and Non-Linear Middle Infrared Spectra of Penicillin G in the CO Stretching Mode Region"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4774-7668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Ragnoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LENS, European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8169-3552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Catalini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LENS, European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2428-471X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Becucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LENS, European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cU. Schiff \u201d, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2204-7673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Lapini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LENS, European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"},{"name":"INRIM (Istituto Nazionale di Scienza Metrologica), Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2985-6721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Foggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LENS, European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"},{"name":"INRIM (Istituto Nazionale di Scienza Metrologica), Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06100 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4336","DOI":"10.1039\/C5AN00558B","article-title":"Applications of two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy","volume":"140","author":"Horness","year":"2015","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1039\/C9AN02035G","article-title":"Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy: An emerging analytical tool?","volume":"145","author":"Fritzsch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.7b11370","article-title":"Two-Dimensional Spectroscopy Is Being Used to Address Core Scientific Questions in Biology and Materials Science","volume":"122","author":"Petti","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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