{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:44:28Z","timestamp":1760233468389,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are a type of vascular tumors that affect around 10% of newborns. The measurement of the lesion size and the assessment of the evolution is done manually by the physician. This paper presents an algorithm for the automatic computation of the IH lesion surface. The image scale is computed by using the Hough transform and the total variation. As pre-processing, a geometric correction step is included, which ensures that the lesions are viewed as perpendicular to the camera. The image segmentation is based on K-means clustering applied on a five-plane image; the five planes being selected from seven planes with the use of the Karhunen-Loeve transform. Two of the seven planes are 2D total variation filters, based on symmetrical kernels, designed to highlight the IH specific texture. The segmentation performance was assessed on 30 images, and a mean border error of 9.31% was obtained.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13010138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T02:36:05Z","timestamp":1611196565000},"page":"138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Automatic Segmentation and Measurement of Infantile Hemangioma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Serban","family":"Oprisescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Image Processing and Analysis Laboratory, University \u201cPolitehnica\u201d of Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"given":"Mihai","family":"Ciuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Image Processing and Analysis Laboratory, University \u201cPolitehnica\u201d of Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Sultana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Image Processing and Analysis Laboratory, University \u201cPolitehnica\u201d of Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Shwayder, T., Schneider, S.L., Icecreamwala, D., and Jahnke, M.N. (2019). Infantile Hemangiomas. Longitudinal Observation of Pediatric Dermatology Patients, Springer."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.12.003","article-title":"Prospective Study of Infantile Hemangiomas: Demographic, Prenatal, and Perinatal Characteristics","volume":"150","author":"Group","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2767","article-title":"Growth Characteristics of Infantile Hemangiomas: Implications for Management","volume":"122","author":"Chang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bankman, I.N. (2009). Chap. 5\u2014Overview and Fundamentals of Medical Image Segmentation. Handbook of Medical Image Processing and Analysis, Academic Press. 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Proceedings of the Signals, Circuits and Systems (ISSCS), International Symposium on, Iasi, Romania.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCS.2015.7203960"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sultana, A., Oprisescu, S., and Ciuc, M. (2015, January 19\u201321). Automatic evaluation of hemangiomas for follow-up monitoring. Proceedings of the E-Health and Bioengineering Conference (EHB), Iasi, Romania.","DOI":"10.1109\/EHB.2015.7391579"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oprisescu, S., Ciuc, M., Sultana, A., and Vasile, I. (2015, January 19\u201321). Automatic segmentation of infantile hemangiomas within an optimally chosen color space. Proceedings of the E-Health and Bioengineering Conference, Iasi, Romania.","DOI":"10.1109\/EHB.2015.7391592"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neghina, C., Zamfir, M., Sultana, A., Ovreiu, E., and Ciuc, M. (2016, January 9\u201310). 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