{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T23:56:16Z","timestamp":1790639776219,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YAF0304203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YAF0304203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11904215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11904215"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team","award":["IRT_17R70"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRT_17R70"]}]},{"name":"The 111 project","award":["D18001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D18001"]}]},{"name":"Fund for Shanxi 1331 Project Key Subjects Construction","award":["n.a."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n.a."]}]},{"name":"The Hundred Talent Program of Shanxi Province","award":["n.a."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n.a."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Quantum simulations of the electron dynamics of oriented benzene and Mg-porphyrin driven by short (&lt;10 fs) laser pulses yield electron symmetry breaking during attosecond charge migration. Nuclear motions are negligible on this time domain, i.e., the point group symmetries G = D6h and D4h of the nuclear scaffolds are conserved. At the same time, the symmetries of the one-electron densities are broken, however, to specific subgroups of G for the excited superposition states. These subgroups depend on the polarization and on the electric fields of the laser pulses. They can be determined either by inspection of the symmetry elements of the one-electron density which represents charge migration after the laser pulse, or by a new and more efficient group-theoretical approach. The results agree perfectly with each other. They suggest laser control of symmetry breaking. The choice of the target subgroup is restricted, however, by a new theorem, i.e., it must contain the symmetry group of the time-dependent electronic Hamiltonian of the oriented molecule interacting with the laser pulse(s). This theorem can also be applied to confirm or to falsify complementary suggestions of electron symmetry breaking by laser pulses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13020205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T12:20:26Z","timestamp":1611750026000},"page":"205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Electron Symmetry Breaking during Attosecond Charge Migration Induced by Laser Pulses: Point Group Analyses for Quantum Dynamics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Dietrich","family":"Haase","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunter","family":"Hermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QoD Technologies GmbH, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rn","family":"Manz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Pohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QoD Technologies GmbH, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8021-7063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean Christophe","family":"Tremblay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Th\u00e9oriques, CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, UMR 7019, 57070 Metz, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20230","DOI":"10.1021\/ja206193t","article-title":"Correlated Electron Dynamics: How Aromaticity Can Be Controlled","volume":"133","author":"Ulusoy","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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