{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:46:36Z","timestamp":1760233596642,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,31]],"date-time":"2021-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A fully analytical treatment of the base-pair and codon dynamics in double-stranded DNA molecules is introduced, by means of a realistic treatment that considers different mass values for G, A, T, and C nucleotides and takes into account the intrinsic three-dimensional, helicoidal geometry of DNA in terms of a Hamitonian in cylindrical coordinates. Within the framework of the Peyrard\u2013Dauxois\u2013Bishop model, we consider the coupling between stretching and stacking radial oscillations as well as the twisting motion of each base pair around the helix axis. By comparing the linearized dynamical equations for the angular and radial variables corresponding to the bp local scale with those of the longer triplet codon scale, we report an underlying hierarchical symmetry. The existence of synchronized collective oscillations of the base-pairs and their related codon triplet units are disclosed from the study of their coupled dynamical equations. The possible biological role of these correlated, long-range oscillation effects in double standed DNA molecules containing mirror-symmetric codons of the form XXX, XX\u2019X, X\u2019XX\u2019, YXY, and XYX is discussed in terms of the dynamical equations solutions and their related dispersion relations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13020241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,31]],"date-time":"2021-01-31T21:31:56Z","timestamp":1612128716000},"page":"241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synchronized Oscillations in Double-Helix B-DNA Molecules with Mirror-Symmetric Codons"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0390-5238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Maci\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica de Materiales, Facultad CC. F\u00edsicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Chakarborty, T. (2007). Charge Migration in DNA: Perspectives from Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Springer."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0104(02)00447-0","article-title":"Charge transport through a molecular pi-stack: Double helical DNA","volume":"281","author":"Treadway","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.8b00347","article-title":"Sensing DNA through DNA Charge Transport","volume":"13","author":"Zwang","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Chem. 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