{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T02:41:06Z","timestamp":1774406466832,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]],"date-time":"2021-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 12072161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 12072161"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 51376090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 51376090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Excessive recoil severely restricts the loading of high-power traditional guns on modern vehicles. To reduce the recoil without breaking the continuous firing mode and reducing the projectile velocity, a recoil reduction method that controls the lateral ejecting of propellant gas by a piston was proposed. The recoil reduction device is symmetric about the barrel axis. First, a one-dimensional two-phase flow model of interior ballistic during the gun firing cycle was established. Next, the MacCormack scheme was used to simulate, and the piston motion was gained. Then the propagation of the rarefaction wave in the barrel was presented. Finally, the propulsion difference between the piston-controlled gun and the traditional gun was discussed. The results showed that the recoil momentum was reduced by 31.80%, and the muzzle velocity was decreased by just 1.30% under the reasonable matching of structural parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13030396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]],"date-time":"2021-02-28T20:43:32Z","timestamp":1614545012000},"page":"396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Recoil Reduction Method of Gun with Side to Rear Jet Controlled by Piston Motion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ming","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3430-3945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}]},{"given":"Zhenqiang","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"},{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Global Institute of Software Technology, Suzhou 215163, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1007\/s12206-012-0538-9","article-title":"Numerical and experimental studies on the dynamic behaviors of a gun that uses the soft recoil system","volume":"26","author":"Kang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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