{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:00:11Z","timestamp":1760234411262,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work demonstrates the ineffectiveness of the Ripley\u2019s K function tests, the distance to the nearest neighbor, and the empty space function in the Graphical Authentication scenario with Passpoint for the detection of non-random graphical passwords. The results obtained show that none of these tests effectively detect non-random graphical passwords; the reason for their failure is attributed to the small sample of the spatial pattern in question, where only the five points of the graphical password are analyzed. Consequently, a test based on mean distances is proposed, whose experiments show that it detects with good efficiency non-random graphical passwords in Passpoint. The test was designed to be included in the Graphical Authentication systems with Passpoint to warn the user about a possibly weak password during the registration phase, and in this way, the security of the system is increased.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13050777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T05:10:55Z","timestamp":1619759455000},"page":"777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Test for Detection of Weak Graphic Passwords in Passpoint Based on the Mean Distance between Points"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8940-050X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaqu\u00edn Alberto","family":"Herrera-Mac\u00edas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Matem\u00e1tica, Universidad de Matanzas, Matanzas 40100, Cuba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6104-9671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Miguel","family":"Leg\u00f3n-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Criptograf\u00eda, Facultad de Matem\u00e1tica y Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad de la Habana, Habana 10400, Cuba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5344-667X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisset","family":"Su\u00e1rez-Plasencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Criptograf\u00eda, Facultad de Matem\u00e1tica y Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad de la Habana, Habana 10400, Cuba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7807-2624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Ramiro","family":"Pi\u00f1eiro-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Criptograf\u00eda, Facultad de Matem\u00e1tica y Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad de la Habana, Habana 10400, Cuba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0681-3833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Panamericana, Facultad de Ciencias Econ\u00f3micas y Empresariales, \u00c1lvaro del Portillo 49, Zapopan, Jalisco 45010, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7793-896X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Sosa-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Panamericana, Facultad de Ciencias Econ\u00f3micas y Empresariales, \u00c1lvaro del Portillo 49, Zapopan, Jalisco 45010, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"347","article-title":"Security in Graphical Authentication","volume":"7","author":"Rittenhouse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. 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