{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T09:57:56Z","timestamp":1769939876595,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11872152 32071310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11872152 32071310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To accurately assess the hemolysis risk of the ventricular assist device, this paper proposed a cell destruction model and the corresponding evaluation parameters based on multiphase flow. The single-phase flow and multiphase flow in two patient-specific total cavopulmonary connection structures assisted by a rotationally symmetric blood pump (pump-TCPC) were simulated. Then, single-phase and multiphase cell destruction models were used to evaluate the hemolysis risk. The results of both cell destruction models indicated that the hemolysis risk in the straight pump-TCPC model was lower than that in the curved pump-TCPC model. However, the average and maximum values of the multiphase flow blood damage index (mBDI) were smaller than those of the single-phase flow blood damage index (BDI), but the average and maximum values of the multiphase flow particle residence time (mPRT) were larger than those of the single-phase flow particle residence time (PRT). This study proved that the multiphase flow method can be used to simulate the mechanical behavior of red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs) in a complex flow field and the multiphase flow cell destruction model had smaller estimates of the impact shear stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13050912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T11:45:57Z","timestamp":1621511157000},"page":"912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparison between Single-Phase Flow Simulation and Multiphase Flow Simulation of Patient-Specific Total Cavopulmonary Connection Structures Assisted by a Rotationally Symmetric Blood Pump"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9993-4177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tong","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Interventional Medical Devices and Equipment, Shanghai MicroPort Medical Group Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallace H. Coulter School of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huifeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2364-3896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengzhang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"},{"name":"Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0b013e318188bde3","article-title":"Pediatric circulatory support: Current strategies and future directions. 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