{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T14:57:02Z","timestamp":1780498622147,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Education Department Project fo Jilin Province","award":["JJKH20200659KJ and JJKH20181033KJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JJKH20200659KJ and JJKH20181033KJ"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As a new service-oriented manufacturing paradigm, cloud manufacturing (CMfg) realizes the optimal allocation of resources in the product manufacturing process through the network. Task decomposition is a key problem of the CMfg system for resource scheduling. A high-quality task decomposition method can shorten product development time, reduce costs for resource service providers, and provide technical support for the application of CMfg. However, a cloud manufacturing system has to manage the allocation the correct amount of manufacturing resources, complex production processes, and highly dynamic production environments. At the same time, the tasks issued by service demanders are usually asymmetric and tightly coupled. We solve the complex task decomposition problem by using the traditional methods, that are hard to complete in CMfg. To overcome the shortcomings of CMfg, this paper proposed a task decomposition method based on the cloud platform. For achieving modular production, this approach creatively divides the product production process into four stages: design, manufacturing, transportation, and maintenance. Then a hybrid method, which combines with depth-first search algorithm, fast modular optimization algorithm, and artificial bee colony algorithm, is introduced. The method can obtain a multi-stage task optimization decomposition plan in CMfg. Simulation results demonstrate the proposed method can achieve complex task optimization decomposition in a CMfg environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13081311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T22:37:14Z","timestamp":1626993434000},"page":"1311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Task Decomposition Based on Cloud Manufacturing Platform"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yanjuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinwu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanli","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongliang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-007-1033-9","article-title":"Study on manufacturing grid & its resource service optimal-selection system","volume":"37","author":"Tao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Radu, L.D. (2017). Green cloud computing: A literature survey. Symmetry, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym9120295"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2014.2306397","article-title":"IoT-based intelligent perception and access of manufacturing resource toward cloud manufacturing","volume":"10","author":"Tao","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcim.2012.07.009","article-title":"A collaborative and integrated platform to support distributed manufacturing system using a service-oriented approach based on cloud computing paradigm","volume":"29","author":"Valilai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Robot. Comput. Integr. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2019.2930418","article-title":"ManuChain: Combining Permissioned Blockchain With a Holistic Optimization Model as Bi-Level Intelligence for Smart Manufacturing","volume":"50","author":"Leng","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2020.3040789","article-title":"Blockchain-secured smart manufacturing in industry 4.0: A survey","volume":"51","author":"Leng","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2013.04.008","article-title":"Cloud manufacturing: Strategic vision and state-of-the-art","volume":"32","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"4029","article-title":"Event-driven cloud dynamic task decomposition mode optimization method","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Syst. Simul. J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-011-9243-9","article-title":"Research on task decomposition and state abstraction in reinforcement learning","volume":"38","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"47","article-title":"Manufacturing task decomposition and collaborative optimization of manufacturing cell-level resource allocation","volume":"41","author":"Zhou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hal J. Bin Inst. Technol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2018.03.002","article-title":"Developing a hierarchical decomposition methodology to increase manufacturing process and equipment health awareness","volume":"48","author":"Weiss","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garashcheko, Y., and Rucki, M. (2020). Part decomposition efficiency expectation evaluation in additive manufacturing process planning. Int. J. Prod. Res.","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2020.1824084"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2017.09.001","article-title":"Factors influencing the understandability of process models: A systematic literature review","volume":"93","author":"Dikici","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"924","article-title":"Cloud manufacturing task decomposition method based on hierarchical task network","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"China Mech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1080\/0951192X.2020.1815845","article-title":"Optimization of complex part-machining services based on feature decomposition in cloud manufacturing","volume":"33","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2020.106442","article-title":"A novel complex manufacturing business process decomposition approach in cloud manufacturing","volume":"144","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2014.08.007","article-title":"Multi-granularity resource virtualization and sharing strategies in cloud manufacturing","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2015.02.002","article-title":"HTN planning: Overview, comparison, and beyond","volume":"222","author":"Georgievski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcim.2019.101914","article-title":"Logistics service scheduling with manufacturing provider selection in cloud manufacturing","volume":"65","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Robot. Comput. Integr. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P10008","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-5468\/2008\/10\/P10008","article-title":"Fast unfolding of communities in large networks","volume":"2008","author":"Blondel","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Stat. Mech. Theory Exp."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2009.12.025","article-title":"A novel clustering approach: Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm","volume":"11","author":"Karaboga","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/13\/8\/1311\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:32:47Z","timestamp":1760164367000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/13\/8\/1311"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["sym13081311"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym13081311","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-8994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]]}}}