{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T12:21:59Z","timestamp":1771071719041,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CBET # 1449383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBET # 1449383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["No.2019R1I1A3A01058865"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2019R1I1A3A01058865"]}]},{"name":"Walmart Manufacturing Innovation Foundation","award":["29955421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["29955421"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Water pollution is a growing global issue; there are many approaches to treating wastewater, including chemical coagulation, physical adsorption, and chemical oxidation. The photocatalysis process has provided a solution for removing pollutants from wastewater, where the pair of the photoelectron and hole works through an asymmetric way to degrade the contaminants under UV irradiation. This method offers an alternative route for treating the pollutant with a lower energy cost, high efficiency, and fewer byproducts. A continuous-flow microfluidic reactor has a channel size from tens to thousands of micrometers, providing uniform irradiation and short diffusion length. It can enhance the conversion efficiency of photocatalysis due to the simple spatial symmetry inside the microreactor channel and among the individual channels. In addition, the bandgap of TiO2, ZnO, or other photocatalyst nanoparticles with symmetric crystal structure can be modified through doping or embedding. In this mini-review, a review of the reported continuous-flow photocatalytic microfluidic reactor is discussed from the perspective of both microreactor design and material engineering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13081325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T22:37:14Z","timestamp":1626993434000},"page":"1325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Continuous-Flow Photocatalytic Microfluidic-Reactor for the Treatment of Aqueous Contaminants, Simplicity, and Complexity: A Mini-Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zhongwei","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5277-8303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changqing","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang-Ho","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju-si 52828, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Hung","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-017-0650-2","article-title":"Degradation of hazardous organic dyes in water by nanomaterials","volume":"15","author":"Shanker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. 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