{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:33:15Z","timestamp":1777447995177,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper discusses the power loss minimization problem in asymmetric distribution systems (ADS) based on phase swapping. This problem is presented using a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model, which is resolved by applying a master\u2013slave methodology. The master stage consists of an improved version of the crow search algorithm. This stage is based on the generation of candidate solutions using a normal Gaussian probability distribution. The master stage is responsible for providing the connection settings for the system loads using integer coding. The slave stage uses a power flow for ADSs based on the three-phase version of the iterative sweep method, which is used to determine the network power losses for each load connection supplied by the master stage. Numerical results on the 8-, 25-, and 37-node test systems show the efficiency of the proposed approach when compared to the classical version of the crow search algorithm, the Chu and Beasley genetic algorithm, and the vortex search algorithm. All simulations were obtained using MATLAB and validated in the DigSILENT power system analysis software.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13081329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T10:31:44Z","timestamp":1627036304000},"page":"1329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["An Improved Crow Search Algorithm Applied to the Phase Swapping Problem in Asymmetric Distribution Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0294-975X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brandon","family":"Cort\u00e9s-Caicedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica, Universidad Distrital Francisco Jos\u00e9 de Caldas, Bogot\u00e1 110231, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6004-4529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Sof\u00eda","family":"Avellaneda-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica, Universidad Distrital Francisco Jos\u00e9 de Caldas, Bogot\u00e1 110231, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6051-4925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar Danilo","family":"Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Distrital Francisco Jos\u00e9 de Caldas, Bogot\u00e1 110231, Colombia"},{"name":"Laboratorio Inteligente de Energ\u00eda, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Bol\u00edvar, Cartagena 131001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6030-9582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00e1zaro","family":"Alvarado-Barrios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Universidad Loyola Andaluc\u00eda, 41704 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Arroyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montoya, O.D., Serra, F.M., and De Angelo, C.H. 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