{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T11:05:07Z","timestamp":1780657507171,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guoxiong Zhou","award":["2020JJ4948"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JJ4948"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aiming at solving the problems of high background complexity of some butterfly images and the difficulty in identifying them caused by their small inter-class variance, we propose a new fine-grained butterfly classification architecture, called Network based on Multi-rate Dilated Attention Mechanism and Multi-granularity Feature Sharer (MRDA-MGFSNet). First, in this network, in order to effectively identify similar patterns between butterflies and suppress the information that is similar to the butterfly\u2019s features in the background but is invalid, a Multi-rate Dilated Attention Mechanism (MRDA) with a symmetrical structure which assigns different weights to channel and spatial features is designed. Second, fusing the multi-scale receptive field module with the depthwise separable convolution module, a Multi-granularity Feature Sharer (MGFS), which can better solve the recognition problem of a small inter-class variance and reduce the increase in parameters caused by multi-scale receptive fields, is proposed. In order to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the model in a complex environment, compared with the existing methods, our proposed method obtained a mAP of 96.64%, and an F1 value of 95.44%, which showed that the method proposed in this paper has a good effect on the fine-grained classification of butterflies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13081351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T09:25:52Z","timestamp":1627291552000},"page":"1351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["MRDA-MGFSNet: Network Based on a Multi-Rate Dilated Attention Mechanism and Multi-Granularity Feature Sharer for Image-Based Butterflies Fine-Grained Classification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Maopeng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer & Information Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoxiong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer & Information Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6795-6152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiwei","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer & Information Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer & Information Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingxuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer & Information Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingfang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer & Information Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yahui","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Protection Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4245-3628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liujun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65401, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lowe, D.G. 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