{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:15:02Z","timestamp":1760235302379,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypnotic susceptibility is a major factor influencing the study of the neural correlates of hypnosis using EEG. In this context, while its effects on the response to hypnotic suggestions are undisputed, less attention has been paid to \u201cneutral hypnosis\u201d (i.e., the hypnotic condition in absence of suggestions). Furthermore, although an influence of opened and closed eye condition onto hypnotizability has been reported, a systematic investigation is still missing. Here, we analyzed EEG signals from 34 healthy subjects with low (LS), medium (MS), and (HS) hypnotic susceptibility using power spectral measures (i.e., TPSD, PSD) and Lempel-Ziv-Complexity (i.e., LZC, fLZC). Indeed, LZC was found to be more suitable than other complexity measures for EEG analysis, while it has been never used in the study of hypnosis. Accordingly, for each measure, we investigated within-group differences between rest and neutral hypnosis, and between opened-eye\/closed-eye conditions under both rest and neutral hypnosis. Then, we evaluated between-group differences for each experimental condition. We observed that, while power estimates did not reveal notable differences between groups, LZC and fLZC were able to distinguish between HS, MS, and LS. In particular, we found a left frontal difference between HS and LS during closed-eye rest. Moreover, we observed a symmetric pattern distinguishing HS and LS during closed-eye hypnosis. Our results suggest that LZC is better capable of discriminating subjects with different hypnotic susceptibility, as compared to standard power analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13081423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T08:47:52Z","timestamp":1628066872000},"page":"1423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Linear and Nonlinear Quantitative EEG Analysis during Neutral Hypnosis following an Opened\/Closed Eye Paradigm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9919-9261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Rho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Research Center \u201cE. Piaggio\u201d, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2767-0699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro Luis","family":"Callara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Research Center \u201cE. Piaggio\u201d, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1847-5031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Petri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISI Foundation, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0453-7465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mimma","family":"Nardelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Research Center \u201cE. Piaggio\u201d, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2588-4917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enzo Pasquale","family":"Scilingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Research Center \u201cE. Piaggio\u201d, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4822-5562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Research Center \u201cE. Piaggio\u201d, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4594-8877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vilfredo De","family":"Pascalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00101","article-title":"Theta-gamma coupling and working memory in Alzheimer\u2019s dementia and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"10","author":"Goodman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. 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