{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T20:09:48Z","timestamp":1781899788671,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the continuous development of intelligent product interaction technology, the facial expression design of virtual images on the interactive interface of intelligent products has become an important research topic. Based on the current research on facial expression design of existing intelligent products, we symmetrically mapped the PAD (pleasure\u2013arousal\u2013dominance) emotion value to the image design, explored the characteristics of abstract expressions and the principles of expression design, and evaluated them experimentally. In this study, the experiment of PAD scores was conducted on the emotion expression design of abstract expressions, and the data results were analyzed to iterate the expression design. The experimental results show that PAD values can effectively guide designers in expression design. Meanwhile, the efficiency and recognition accuracy of human communication with abstract expression design can be improved by facial auxiliary elements and eyebrows.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13091693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T21:47:21Z","timestamp":1631656041000},"page":"1693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Experimental Study on Abstract Expression of Human-Robot Emotional Communication"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jianmin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Car Interaction Design Lab, College of Arts and Media, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Research Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518057, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Car Interaction Design Lab, College of Arts and Media, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6529-1185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yujia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Car Interaction Design Lab, College of Arts and Media, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyang","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Car Interaction Design Lab, College of Arts and Media, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengji","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Car Interaction Design Lab, College of Arts and Media, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiguang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Car Interaction Design Lab, College of Arts and Media, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5150-9101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Preben","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Car Interaction Design Lab, College of Arts and Media, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Research Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518057, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iannizzotto, G., Bello, L.L., Nucita, A., and Grasso, G.M. 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