{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T01:31:58Z","timestamp":1767922318027,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,19]],"date-time":"2021-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canadian Institute of Health Research","award":["MOP125925"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP125925"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN 2016-05523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN 2016-05523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The presence of binaural low-level background noise has been shown to enhance the transient evoked N1 response at about 100 ms after sound onset. This increase in N1 amplitude is thought to reflect noise-mediated efferent feedback facilitation from the auditory cortex to lower auditory centers. To test this hypothesis, we recorded auditory-evoked fields using magnetoencephalography while participants were presented with binaural harmonic complex tones embedded in binaural or monaural background noise at signal-to-noise ratios of 25 dB (low noise) or 5 dB (higher noise). Half of the stimuli contained a gap in the middle of the sound. The source activities were measured in bilateral auditory cortices. The onset and gap N1 response increased with low binaural noise, but high binaural and low monaural noise did not affect the N1 amplitudes. P1 and P2 onset and gap responses were consistently attenuated by background noise, and noise level and binaural\/monaural presentation showed distinct effects. Moreover, the evoked gamma synchronization was also reduced by background noise, and it showed a lateralized reduction for monaural noise. The effects of noise on the N1 amplitude follow a bell-shaped characteristic that could reflect an optimal representation of acoustic information for transient events embedded in noise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13091748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T22:35:20Z","timestamp":1632263720000},"page":"1748","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Binaural Background Noise Enhances Neuromagnetic Responses from Auditory Cortex"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Dawei","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Alain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7290-631X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernhard","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-194601000-00002","article-title":"Temporary deafness following exposure to loud tones and noise","volume":"56","author":"Davis","year":"1946","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(85)90145-5","article-title":"Temporal response features of cat auditory cortex neurons contributing to sensitivity to tones delivered in the presence of continuous noise","volume":"19","author":"Phillips","year":"1985","journal-title":"Hear. 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