{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T19:22:33Z","timestamp":1772133753555,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]],"date-time":"2021-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article deepens a reflection on why and how symmetry\/asymmetry affects the motor and postural behavior from the neural source, uterine development, child maturation, and how the notion of symmetry\/asymmetry has been applied to walking robot design and control. The concepts of morphology and tensegrity are also presented to illustrate how the biological structures have been used in both sciences and arts. The development of the brain and the neuro-fascia-musculoskeletal system seems to be quite symmetric from the beginning of life through to complete maturity. The neural sources of movements (i.e., central pattern generators) are able to produce both symmetric or asymmetric responses to accommodate to environmental constraints and task requirements. Despite the fact that the human development is mainly symmetric, asymmetries already regulate neurological and physiological development. Laterality and sports training could affect natural musculoskeletal symmetry. The plasticity and flexibility of the nervous system allows the abilities to adapt and compensate for environmental constraints and musculoskeletal asymmetries in order to optimize the postural and movement control. For designing humanoid walking robots, symmetry approaches have been mainly used to reduce the complexity of the online calculation. Applications in neurological retraining and rehabilitation should also be considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13101773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T23:08:31Z","timestamp":1632784111000},"page":"1773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["From Neural Command to Robotic Use: The Role of Symmetry\/Asymmetry in Postural and Locomotor Activities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mari\u00e8ve","family":"Blanchet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des Sciences de L\u2019activit\u00e9 Physique, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3C 3P8, Canada"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Guertin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Psychiatrie et Neurosiences, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}]},{"given":"Francine","family":"Pilon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole de Kin\u00e9siologie et des Sciences de L\u2019activit\u00e9 Physique, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3C 3J7, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4992-8443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Gorce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulon, 83130 La Garde, France"},{"name":"International Institute for Biomechanics and Surgical Ergonomics (INCISION), Universit\u00e9 de Toulon, 83130 Toulon, France"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Prince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute for Biomechanics and Surgical Ergonomics (INCISION), Universit\u00e9 de Toulon, 83130 Toulon, France"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Chirurgie, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3C 3J7, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00391-019-01520-8","article-title":"Spatiotemporal gait analysis of older persons in clinical practice and research: Which parameters are relevant?","volume":"53","author":"Lindemann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Z. 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