{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T11:08:58Z","timestamp":1772536138176,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]],"date-time":"2021-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDB26000000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB26000000"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41872030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41872030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012456","name":"National Social Science Fund of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19BKG039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19BKG039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012456","name":"National Social Science Fund of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19VJX066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19VJX066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diaphyseal cross-sectional geometry (CSG) is an effective indicator of humeral bilateral asymmetry. However, previous studies primarily focused on CSG properties from limited locations to represent the overall bilateral biomechanical performance of humeral diaphysis. In this study, the complete humeral diaphyses of 40 pairs of humeri from three Chinese archaeological populations were scanned using high-resolution micro-CT, and their biomechanical asymmetries were quantified by morphometric mapping. Patterns of humeral asymmetry were compared between sub-groups defined by sex and population, and the representativeness of torsional rigidity asymmetry at the 35% and 50% cross-sections (J35 and J50 asymmetry) was testified. Inter-group differences were observed on the mean morphometric maps, but were not statistically significant. Analogous distribution patterns of highly asymmetrical regions, which correspond to major muscle attachments, were observed across nearly all the sexes and populations. The diaphyseal regions with high variability of bilateral asymmetry tended to present a low asymmetrical level. The J35 and J50 asymmetry were related to the overall humeral asymmetry, but the correlation was moderate and they could not reflect localized asymmetrical features across the diaphysis. This study suggests that the overall asymmetry pattern of humeral diaphysis is more complicated than previously revealed by individual sections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13101843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T01:59:47Z","timestamp":1633917587000},"page":"1843","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Biomechanical Evaluation on the Bilateral Asymmetry of Complete Humeral Diaphysis in Chinese Archaeological Populations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8702-1458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Archeology and Cultural Relics of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430077, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haijun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ethnology and Sociology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianing","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Study of Chinese Archaeology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pianpian","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"},{"name":"Centre for the Exploration of the Deep Human Journey, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2006.09.016","article-title":"An anthropometric study of the bilateral anatomy of the humerus","volume":"16","author":"DeLude","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2012.02173.x","article-title":"Can handedness be determined from skeletal remains? A chronological review of the literature","volume":"57","author":"Ubelaker","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katzenberg, M.A., and Grauer, A.L. (2018). Biomechanical analyses of archaeological human skeletons. Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton, Wiley-Blackwell. [3rd ed.].","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119151647"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2004.2926","article-title":"Handedness, homicide and negative frequency-dependent selection","volume":"272","author":"Faurie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2011.06.004","article-title":"Is \u2018hand preference\u2019 coded in the hominin skeleton? An in-vivo study of bilateral morphological variation","volume":"61","author":"Shaw","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hum. Evol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22240","article-title":"Extreme behavioral lateralization and the remodeling of the distal humerus","volume":"24","author":"Ozener","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Biol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1998.13.2.310","article-title":"Effect of long-term unilateral activity on bone mineral density of female junior tennis players","volume":"13","author":"Haapasalo","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.12.2274","article-title":"The effect of mechanical loading on the size and shape of bone in pre-, peri-, and postpubertal girls: A study in tennis players","volume":"17","author":"Bass","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21063","article-title":"Habitual throwing and swimming correspond with upper limb diaphyseal strength and shape in modern human athletes","volume":"140","author":"Shaw","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balzeau, A., Ball-Albessard, L., and Kubicka, A.M. (2020). Variation and correlations in departures from symmetry of brain torque, humeral morphology and handedness in an archaeological sample of Homo sapiens. Symmetry, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12030432"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20567","article-title":"Regional variation in the postcranial robusticity of late upper paleolithic humans","volume":"133","author":"Shackelford","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22650","article-title":"A bioarchaeological approach to the reconstruction of changes in military organization among Iron Age Samnites (Vestini) From Abruzzo, Central Italy","volume":"156","author":"Sparacello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2015.12.001","article-title":"The impact of subsistence changes on humeral bilateral asymmetry in Terminal Pleistocene and Holocene Europe","volume":"92","author":"Ruff","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hum. Evol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crpv.2016.09.001","article-title":"Patterns of humeral asymmetry among Late Pleistocene humans","volume":"16","author":"Sparacello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus Palevol"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24147","article-title":"The upper limb skeleton and behavioral lateralization of modern humans from Zhaoguo Cave, southwestern China","volume":"173","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2021.04.012","article-title":"Internal structural properties of the humeral diaphyses in an early modern human from Tianyuan Cave, China","volume":"591","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Quat. Int."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.12.2291","article-title":"Mechanical loading of diaphyseal bone in vivo: The strain threshold for an osteogenic response varies with location","volume":"16","author":"Hsieh","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00707-X","article-title":"Effects of biomechanical stress on bones in animals","volume":"30","author":"Burr","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20155","article-title":"The aging of Wolff\u2019s \u201claw\u201d: Ontogeny and responses to mechanical loading in cortical bone","volume":"125","author":"Pearson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20371","article-title":"Who\u2019s afraid of the big bad wolff? \u201cWolff is law\u201d and bone functional adaptation","volume":"129","author":"Ruff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22688","article-title":"Development of cortical bone geometry in the human femoral and tibial diaphysis","volume":"296","author":"Gosman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sl\u00e1dek, V., Berner, M., Holt, B., Niskanen, M., and Ruff, C.B. (2018). Past human manipulative behavior in the European Holocene as assessed through upper limb asymmetry. Skeletal Variation and Adaptation in Europeans, Wiley-Blackwell.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118628430.ch7"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23705","article-title":"Asymmetry in the cortical and trabecular bone of the human humerus during development","volume":"301","author":"Perchalski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong, E., Kwak, D.-S., and Kim, I.-B. (2021). Morphometric evaluation of detailed asymmetry for the proximal humerus in Korean population. Symmetry, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13050862"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.06.008","article-title":"Ontogenetic changes in limb bone structural proportions in mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei)","volume":"65","author":"Ruff","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hum. Evol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10117","article-title":"Long bone articular and diaphyseal structure in old world monkeys and apes. I: Locomotor effects","volume":"119","author":"Ruff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20069","article-title":"Humeral cross-sectional morphology from 18th century Quebec prisoners of war: Limits to activity reconstruction","volume":"126","author":"Weiss","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2005.11.007","article-title":"Temporal changes in Arikara humeral and femoral cross-sectional geometry associated with horticultural intensification","volume":"33","author":"Wescott","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Archaeol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20551","article-title":"Human manipulative behavior in the Central European Late Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age: Humeral bilateral asymmetry","volume":"133","author":"Berner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20147","article-title":"Activity-related skeletal change in medieval humeri: Cross-sectional and architectural alterations","volume":"128","author":"Rhodes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24021","article-title":"An examination of the cross-sectional geometrical properties of the long bone diaphyses of Holocene foragers from Roonka, South Australia","volume":"172","author":"Hill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.2273","article-title":"The Sunghir 3 Upper Paleolithic juvenile: Pathology versus persistence in the Paleolithic","volume":"25","author":"Cowgill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Osteoarchaeol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.01.004","article-title":"Extreme mobility in the Late Pleistocene? Comparing limb biomechanics among fossil Homo, varsity athletes and Holocene foragers","volume":"64","author":"Shaw","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hum. Evol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crpv.2018.03.002","article-title":"Epipaleolithic human appendicular remains from Ein Gev I, Israel","volume":"17","author":"Trinkaus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus Palevol"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23601","article-title":"Bilateral asymmetry of the humerus in Neandertals, Australian aborigines and medieval humans","volume":"167","author":"Kubicka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21362","article-title":"Cross-sectional geometry in the humeri of foragers and farmers from the prehispanic American Southwest: Exploring patterns in the sexual division of labor","volume":"144","author":"Ogilvie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21377","article-title":"Changes in skeletal robusticity in an iron age agropastoral group: The samnites from the Alfedena necropolis (Abruzzo, Central Italy)","volume":"144","author":"Sparacello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5337","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1321605111","article-title":"Physical activity when young provides lifelong benefits to cortical bone size and strength in men","volume":"111","author":"Warden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22809","article-title":"A Virtual geometric morphometric approach to the quantification of long bone bilateral asymmetry and cross-sectional shape","volume":"158","author":"Wilson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21271","article-title":"Technical note: Morphometric maps of long bone shafts and dental roots for imaging topographic thickness variation","volume":"142","author":"Bondioli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"632","article-title":"2D visualization and quantitative analysis of the humeral diaphysis cortical thickness","volume":"39","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Anthropol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2012.08.003","article-title":"Structural analysis of the Kresna 11 Homo erectus femoral shaft (Sangiran, Java)","volume":"63","author":"Puymerail","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hum. Evol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crpv.2012.07.001","article-title":"A Neanderthal partial femoral diaphysis from the \"grotte de la Tour\", La Chaise-de-Vouthon (Charente, France): Outer morphology and endostructural organization","volume":"11","author":"Puymerail","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus Palevol"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.21346","article-title":"Exploring femoral diaphyseal shape variation in wild and captive chimpanzees by means of morphometric mapping: A test of Wolff\u2019s law","volume":"294","author":"Morimoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jashashvili, T., Dowdeswell, M.R., Lebrun, R., and Carlson, K.J. (2015). Cortical structure of hallucal metatarsals and locomotor adaptations in hominoids. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117905"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"01","DOI":"10.1590\/sajs.2014\/20130369","article-title":"Long bone cross-sectional geometric properties of Later Stone Age foragers and herder-foragers","volume":"110","author":"Cameron","year":"2014","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"180","article-title":"Research on the charred plant remains unearthed from the Jijiawan site in Fang County, Hubei Province","volume":"5","author":"Tian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cult. Relics South. China"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4279","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.4279","article-title":"Morphology and structure of Homo erectus humeri from Zhoukoudian, Locality 1","volume":"6","author":"Xing","year":"2018","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"1","article-title":"Brief report on excavation of Jiayi cemeteries in Turpan, Xinjiang","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Turfanological Res."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"46","article-title":"\u65b0\u7586\u912f\u5584\u4e09\u4e2a\u6865\u5893\u846c\u53d1\u6398\u7b80\u62a5","volume":"6","author":"Xing","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cult. Relics"},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Xiao, G. (2018). The Review and Study of Jia Yi Cemetery in Turfan, Xinjiang. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Northwest University]."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24140","article-title":"morphomap: An R package for long bone landmarking, cortical thickness, and cross-sectional geometry mapping","volume":"174","author":"Profico","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13029","article-title":"RRPP: An r package for fitting linear models to high-dimensional data using residual randomization","volume":"9","author":"Collyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12035","article-title":"geomorph: An r package for the collection and analysis of geometric morphometric shape data","volume":"4","author":"Adams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24213","article-title":"Bilateral asymmetry and developmental plasticity of the humerus in modern humans","volume":"174","author":"Zelazny","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White, T.D., Black, M.T., and Folkens, P.A. (2012). Arm: Humerus, Radius, and Ulna. Human Osteology, Academic Press. [3rd ed.].","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374134-9.50009-X"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(03)00161-3","article-title":"Growth in bone strength, body size, and muscle size in a juvenile longitudinal sample","volume":"33","author":"Ruff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.3.6451","article-title":"Influence of puberty on muscle area and cortical bone area of the forearm in boys and girls","volume":"85","author":"Schoenau","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22023","article-title":"The relationship between musculoskeletal stress markers and biomechanical properties of the humeral diaphysis","volume":"147","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1123","article-title":"Articular area responses to mechanical loading: Effects of exercise, age, and skeletal location","volume":"116","author":"Lieberman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20023","article-title":"Bilateral variation in limb articular surface dimensions","volume":"16","author":"Plochocki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Biol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10182","article-title":"Canalization, developmental stability, and morphological integration in primate limbs","volume":"119","author":"Willmore","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/13\/10\/1843\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:08:45Z","timestamp":1760166525000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/13\/10\/1843"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["sym13101843"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym13101843","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-8994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]]}}}