{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:27:41Z","timestamp":1760236061958,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,16]],"date-time":"2021-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005758","name":"Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSA 2013, RSA 2014, RSA 2015, PSA 2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSA 2013, RSA 2014, RSA 2015, PSA 2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005758","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The mental rotation (MR) is an abstract mental operation thanks to which a person imagines rotating an object or a body part to place it in an other position. The ability to perform MR was belived to belong to the right hemisphere for objects, and to the left for one\u2019s ownbody images. Mental rotation is considered to be basic for imitation with the anatomical perspective, which in turn is needed for social interactions and learning. Altered imitative performances have been reported in patients with resections or microstructure alterations of the corpus callosum (CC). These patients also display a reduced MR ability compared to control subjects, as shown in a recent behavioral study. The difference was statistically significant, leading us to hypothesize a role of the CC to integrate the two hemispheres\u2019 asymmetric functions. The present study was designed to detect, by means of a functional MRI, the cortical activation evoked during an MR task in healthy control subjects and callosotomized patients. The results suggest that performing MR requires activation of opercular cortex and inferior parietal lobule in either hemispheres, and likely the integrity of the CC, thus confirming that the main brain commissure is involved in cognitive functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13101953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,17]],"date-time":"2021-10-17T23:25:15Z","timestamp":1634513115000},"page":"1953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cortical Activation in Mental Rotation and the Role of the Corpus Callosum: Observations in Healthy Subjects and Split-Brain Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chiara","family":"Pierpaoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}]},{"given":"Mojgan","family":"Ghoushi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Foschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Epilessia, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Umberto I, 60123 Ancona, Italy"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Lattanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3903-549X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara","family":"Fabri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell\u2019Ambiente, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2866-2749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Polonara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1006\/brln.1997.1835","article-title":"Mental Rotation and the Right Hemisphere","volume":"57","author":"Corballis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Lang."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3289115","article-title":"Aspects of a cognitive neuroscience of mental imagery","volume":"240","author":"Kosslyn","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1080\/02643290442000185","article-title":"The role of the primary motor cortex in mental rotation: A TMS study","volume":"22","author":"Tomasino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cogn. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1177\/1534582305281085","article-title":"Transformations of Visuospatial Images","volume":"4","author":"Zacks","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behav. Cogn. Neurosci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Rapp, B. (2001). Spatial representation in mind and brain. What Deficits Reveal about the Human Mind\/Brain: A Handbook of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Psychology Press."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1126\/science.171.3972.701","article-title":"Mental Rotation of Three-Dimensional Objects","volume":"171","author":"Shepard","year":"1971","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03198104","article-title":"The time required to prepare for a rotated stimulus","volume":"1","author":"Cooper","year":"1973","journal-title":"Memory Cogn."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2008.20013","article-title":"Neuroimaging Studies of Mental Rotation: A Meta-analysis and Review","volume":"20","author":"Zacks","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.1.1.48","article-title":"Mental transformation in the identification of left and right hands","volume":"1","author":"Cooper","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.20.4.709","article-title":"Temporal and kinematic properties of motor behavior reflected in mentally simulated action","volume":"20","author":"Parsons","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.07.017","article-title":"Posture influences motor imagery: An fMRI study","volume":"33","author":"Helmich","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1080\/13825585.2013.805725","article-title":"Object-based and egocentric mental rotation performance in older adults: The importance of gender differences and motor ability","volume":"21","author":"Jansen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aging, Neuropsychol. Cogn."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.2307\/1130467","article-title":"Emergence and Characterization of Sex Differences in Spatial Ability: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"56","author":"Linn","year":"1985","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.117.2.250","article-title":"Magnitude of sex differences in spatial abilities: A meta-analysis and consideration of criticalvariables","volume":"117","author":"Voyer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2003.10.002","article-title":"Superior parietal cortices and varieties of mental rotation","volume":"7","author":"Parsons","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70949-3","article-title":"Effects of strategies on mental rotation performed by unilateral brain damaged patients","volume":"40","author":"Tomasino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70850-5","article-title":"Absence of Hemispheric Dominance for Mental Rotation Ability: A Transcranial Doppler Study","volume":"36","author":"Serrati","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3417","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.27.3417","article-title":"The effect of different imitation models on the accuracy and speed of imitation of movement","volume":"27","author":"Nishizawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-6383(94)90024-8","article-title":"Imitation, memory, and the representation of persons","volume":"17","author":"Meltzoff","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infant Behav. Dev."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"20","article-title":"Anatomical or mirror mode imitation? A behavioral approach","volume":"152","author":"Pierpaoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Ital. Biol."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"12","article-title":"Imitation strategies in callo-sotomeized patients","volume":"156","author":"Pierpaoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Ital. Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"3","article-title":"Imitation strategies in subjects with schizophrenia: A behavioural approach","volume":"158","author":"Sansonetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Ital. Biol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2013.09.018","article-title":"Impaired empathic abilities and reduced white matter integrity in schizophrenia","volume":"48","author":"Fujino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx049","article-title":"Sex and Diffusion Tensor Imaging of White Matter in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review Plus Meta-analysis of the Corpus Callosum","volume":"44","author":"Shahab","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pierpaoli, C., Ferrante, L., Foschi, N., Lattanzi, S., Sansonetti, R., Polonara, G., Mari, M., Nardi, B., and Fabri, M. (2020). Mental Rotation Ability: Right or Left Hemisphere Competence? What We Can Learn from Callosotomized and Psychotic Patients. Symmetry, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12071137"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Fabri, M., Ombrosi, M., Goushi, M., Pierpaoli, C., Foschi, N., Lattanzi, S., and Polonara, G. (2018, January 19\u201321). Cortical activation in mental rotation: Observations in healthy subjects and split-brain patients. Proceedings of the 69th Congress of the Italian Physiological Society, Firenze, Italy."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4","article-title":"The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory","volume":"9","author":"Oldfield","year":"1971","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Talairach, J., and Turnoux, P. (2008). Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain, Thieme Medical Publishers."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S604","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(96)80606-9","article-title":"Brainvoyager: A program for analyzing and visualizing functional and structural magnetic resonance data sets","volume":"3","author":"Goebel","year":"1996","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21085","article-title":"Functional Neuroanatomy of Mental Rotation","volume":"21","author":"Milivojevic","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7202","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3403-09.2010","article-title":"Mental Imagery of Self-Location during Spontaneous and Active Self-Other Interactions: An Electrical Neuroimaging Study","volume":"30","author":"Thirioux","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00693","article-title":"Effects of Stimulus Type and Strategy on Mental Rotation Network: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis","volume":"9","author":"Tomasino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.11.026","article-title":"Neural circuits involved in imitation and perspective-taking","volume":"31","author":"Jackson","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht306","article-title":"The Role of the Right Temporoparietal Junction in the Control of Imitation","volume":"25","author":"Swoden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.09.004","article-title":"Imitation components in the human brain: An fMRI study","volume":"59","author":"Mengotti","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31064","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31064","article-title":"Left extrastriate body area is sensitive to the meaning of symbolic gesture: Evidence from fMRI repetition suppression","volume":"6","author":"Kubiak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12019","article-title":"Imitating others\u2019 actions: Transcraniam magnetic stimulation on the parietal opercula reveals the processes underlying automatic imitation","volume":"37","author":"Mengotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3172","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20739","article-title":"Probabilistic topography of human corpus callosum using cytoarchitectural parcellation and high angular resolution diffusion imaging tractography","volume":"30","author":"Chao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251308","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/251308","article-title":"Functional Topography of Human Corpus Callosum: An FMRI Mapping Study","volume":"2013","author":"Fabri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12136","article-title":"Further evidence for the topography and connectivity of the corpus callosum: An FMRI study of patients with partial callosal resection","volume":"25","author":"Polonara","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.07.031","article-title":"Functional MRI cortical activations from unilateral tactile-taste stimulations of the tongue","volume":"151","author":"Mascioli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3983","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1999.00829.x","article-title":"Role of the corpus callosum in the somatosensory activation of the ipsilateral cerebral cortex: An fMRI study of callosotomized patients","volume":"11","author":"Fabri","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.07.022","article-title":"A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism","volume":"66","author":"Frazier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11689-010-9059-y","article-title":"Developmental malformation of the corpus callosum: A review of typical callosal development and examples of developmental disorders with callosal involveme","volume":"3","author":"Paul","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurodevelop. Disord."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"B4721","article-title":"Corpus callosum in aging and dementia","volume":"60","author":"Frederiksen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dan. Med. J."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/13\/10\/1953\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:16:12Z","timestamp":1760166972000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/13\/10\/1953"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,16]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["sym13101953"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym13101953","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-8994"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,16]]}}}